14 10 Programming Spatiotemporal Patterns with DNA‐Based Circuits 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Experimental Implementation of DNA Analog Circuits 10.3 Time‐Dependent Spatial Patterns 10.4 Steady‐State Spatial Patterns 10.5 Conclusion and Perspectives Acknowledgments References
15 11 Computing Without Computing: DNA Version 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Computing Without Computing – Quantum Version: A Brief Reminder 11.3 Computing Without Computing – Version Involving Acausal Processes: A Reminder 11.4 Computing Without Computing: – DNA Version 11.5 DNA Computing Without Computing Is Somewhat Less Powerful than Traditional DNA Computing: A Proof 11.6 First Related Result: Security Is More Difficult to Achieve than Privacy 11.7 Second Related Result: Data Storage Is More Difficult than Data Transmission Acknowledgments References
16 12 DNA Computing: Versatile Logic Circuits and Innovative Bio‐applications 12.1 Definition, Logical Principle, and Classification of DNA Computing 12.2 Advanced Arithmetic DNA Logic Devices 12.3 Advanced Non‐arithmetic DNA Logic Devices 12.4 Concatenated Logic Circuits 12.5 Innovative Multifunctional DNA Logic Library 12.6 Intelligent Bio‐applications 12.7 Prospects Acknowledgment References
17 13 Nucleic Acid‐Based Computing in Living Cells Using Strand Displacement Processes 13.1 Nucleic Acid Strand Displacement 13.2 Synthetic Riboregulators 13.3 Combining Strand Displacement and CRISPR Mechanisms 13.4 Computing Via Nucleic Acid Strand Displacement in Mammalian Cells 13.5 Outlook References
18 14 Strand Displacement in DNA‐Based Nanodevices and Logic 14.1 An Introduction to Strand Displacement Reactions 14.2 Dynamic Reconfiguration of Structural Devices 14.3 Stepped and Autonomous DNA Walkers 14.4 Early Breakthroughs in DNA Computing 14.5 DNA‐Based Molecular Logic 14.6 Future Prospects for Strand Displacement‐Based Devices Acknowledgment References
19 15 Development and Application of Catalytic DNA in Nanoscale Robotics 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Brief History of DNAzymes 15.3 Experimental Implementations 15.4 DNAzyme Walkers 15.5 Statistical Mechanics and Simulation 15.6 Conclusions References
20 16 DNA Origami Transformers 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Design 16.3 Experimental Demonstrations 16.4 Applications 16.5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References
21 17 Nanopore Decoding for DNA Computing 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Application of Nanopore Technology for Rapid and Label‐Free Decoding 17.3 Application of Nanopore Decoding in Medical Diagnosis