eelectriceainduced voltage of DC machinee(t)induced voltage as a function of timeEenergy, emitterphasor‐induced voltage of winding 1phasor‐induced voltage of winding 2induced phasor voltage in primary windingelectric field intensity/strength vectorenergycenergy/work stored in iron coreenergygenergy/work stored in air gapECENelectrical, computer engineeringECEENelectrical, computer, energy engineeringECPMelectronically commutated permanent‐magnet machineECPMMelectronically commutated permanent‐magnet machineeffeffectiveEGienergy (E) fed to utility grid (G)EGGErneuerbare‐Energien‐Gesetz (German Renewable Energy Sources Act)EHCienergy (E) for heating (H) and cooling (C)EIienergy (E) by PV system feeding two invertersEKGelectrocardiogramELAienergy (E) for lighting (L) and appliances (A)EnEVEnergieeinsparverordnung (German Energy Saving Ordinance)ERCOTElectric Reliability Council of TexasERGEnergy (E) and Resources (R) Group (G)ETNEuropean Type Number for batteriesEUEuropean UnionEqequationeqequivalentx‐component of electric field intensity/strengthy‐component of electric field intensity/strengthz‐component of electric field intensity/strengthE(t)electric field intensity/strength as a function of time€euro symbolεpermittivity of dielectric, steady‐state error/deviationεpermittivity of free spaceεrrelative permittivity
F
ffield, frequency(mechanical) force vectorFfarad, unit of capacitance, energy functional for finite element method, feedbackℱmagnetomotive forceattraction force due to magnetic fields of two magnetsrepulsion force due to magnetic fields of two magnetsfeferrum (Latin for iron)FETfield‐effect transistorFDfinite differenceFEfinite elementFMfigure of meritFWflux weakeningf(t)periodic function of time tftfeetϕphase angle, power factor angleΦmagnetic field flux, useful flux, iron‐core fluxϕsphase angle of source voltage ϕIsphase angle of source current as a function of angular velocity or frequency ωΦ(t)magnetic flux as a function of timeϕ(ω)phase angle of phasor transfer function G(jω) as a function of angular velocity or frequency ωΦm(t)mutual/main flux as a function of timeΦfringingfringing magnetic fluxΦusefuluseful magnetic fluxΦ12mutual flux originating in winding 2 linking winding 1Φ21mutual flux originating in winding 1 linking winding 2Φ11total flux generated by coil 1Φ22total flux generated by coil 2Φleak1leakage flux linked with coil 1Φleak2leakage flux linked with coil 2Φ1total flux linked with coil 1Φ2total flux linked with coil 2ΦAflux in transformer AΦBflux in transformer BΦCflux in transformer CΦtotal = ΦA + ΦB + ΦCtotal flux in common limb of bank of three‐phase transformer consisting of three‐single phase transformers A, B, Cphase angle of secondary current referred to primary side
G
gground, air‐gap lengthGgrid, gate, conductance G = 1/R, giga, closed‐loop gainG(jω)phasor transfer functionGccore‐loss conductanceGDdifferential (D) mode gainGvclosed‐loop voltage gainGCmRRcommon‐mode rejection ratio gainGLCconductance–inductance–capacitance networkgengeneratorgiga109Gicurrent gainGωmangular velocity gainGrectthyristor rectifier gainclosed‐loop voltage gain of noninverting operational amplifier closed‐loop voltage gain of unity gain operational amplifierclosed‐loop voltage gain of inverting operational amplifierclosed‐loop voltage gain of high‐pass filtermagnitude of closed‐loop voltage gain of low‐pass filtermagnitude of closed‐loop voltage gain of high‐pass filterGmbHGesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (German for company with limited liability)GSPgas and steam (electric) powerGTOgate turn‐off thyristorGWgigawattGWPglobal warming potential
H
Hheating, magnetic field intensity/strength, henry unit symbol for inductanceHVhigh voltageHPhigh passhphorsepower: 1 hp = 745.7 watts ≈ 746 W, or 1.3392 horsepower = 1000 watts.magnetic field intensity vectormagnitude of magnetic field intensity vectorHcmagnetic field intensity in iron corevector of magnetic field intensity/strength in air gapmagnetic field intensity/strength vector of iron coreHcore=magnitude of magnetic field intensity vector within iron coreHg=magnitude of magnetic field intensity/strength vector within air gap (g)Hrmagnetic field intensity/strength r‐component of (r, Φ, z) polar systemHΦmagnetic field intensity/strength Φ‐component of (r, Φ, z) polar systemHΦ_inmagnetic field intensity component in Φ direction inside of round wiremagnetic field intensity vector in Φ direction inside of round wire HΦ_outmagnetic field intensity component in Φ direction outside of round wireHzmagnetic field intensity/strength z‐component of (r, Φ, z) polar systemHxx‐component of magnetic field intensity vector homhomogeneousHVDChigh‐voltage DC lineHTEhigh‐temperature electrolysisH2Ochemical symbol for waterHzhertz, cycles per 1 second
I
iunit directions of (i, j, k) rectangular system, current, integrationi+zero input current at positive terminal of operational amplifieri−zero input current at negative terminal of operational amplifierI, II, III, IVidentification of step functionICintegrated circuitINinverting configuration of operational amplifieria(t)armature current as a function of timereference/nominal/rated (*) value of armature (a) currentip(t)primary current as a function of timephasor source current as a function of angular velocity or frequencyprimary current through winding/phase A
