Body Sensor Networking, Design and Algorithms. Saeid Sanei. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Saeid Sanei
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Программы
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119390015
Скачать книгу
tissues, and cells.

      Various kinds of biosensors are mainly based on:

       chemically sensitive semiconductor devices;

       thermistors;

       chemically mediated electrodes;

       surface acoustic waves devices;

       piezoelectric microbalances;

       an electrical AC voltage causes the resonator (i.e. the piezo layer) to oscillate;

       a target molecule binds with a receptor based on the lock-and-key principle;

       resonance frequency changes because of the weight change;

       frequency change is translated into an electrical signal and processed further.

      Some examples of the transducers used in the design of biosensors are micro-electrodes, combined ion-selective field-effect transistors and micro-electrodes, fibre optodes and luminescence, thermistors and thermocouples, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines (often used as piezoelectric elements in sensors and modelled using transversal filters) and bulk acoustic wave microbalances.

Schematic illustration of quartz crystal microbalance sensor. A thin film sample is coated on the top gold electrode of the quartz shear mode resonator. The QCM is then inserted between the thermopile and the sample chamber. The experiment consists of varying the composition of the gas mixture at constant temperature and observing changes in the resonant frequency and motional resistance of the QCM and the thermal power flowing between the QCM and the aluminium heat sink via the thermopile. Schematic illustration of (a) An EnzymFET and (b) its electrical output versus urea concentration.

      Source: Courtesy of Middelhoek, S., and Audet, S.A.: Silicon Sensors, Academic Press Limited.

Schematic illustration of semiconductor biosensor.

      Source: Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons.

Schematic illustration of a semiconductor biosensor schematic and its backside contacts.

      Source: Courtesy of John Wiley & Sons.

      3.4.2 Emerging Biosensor Technologies

      Sensor technology devices have become more miniaturised, wearable, user-friendly, cost effective, less intrusive, and inclusive, and are often accessible to outpatients and individuals. Human vital signs as well as abnormalities can be captured invasively or noninvasively (and in some cases nonintrusively) by various sensor modalities, some packed together in one package. The new wireless technology in parallel with the advances in high-speed computing systems provides more accurate and accessible health-monitoring systems. Physical, physiological, biological, and other sensor types are fast developing and allow full body screening in all times. Emerging sensor technologies provide constant feedback to individuals and create a safer and healthier world.


e-mail: [email protected]

No. Type Principle Applications Bibliography
1. Glucose oxidase electrode-based biosensor Electrochemistry using glucose oxidation Analysis of glucose in biological sample Clark and Lyons [45]
2. HbA1c biosensor