10 2.10In a hexagonal zeolite crystal the angle (100)∧(101) is found to be 37.2°. Calculate the axial ratio c/a and specify the indices of the zone containing both faces in (i) conventional three‐dimensional indices and (ii) the Weber 4‐index notation.Show that (0001)∧(112) = 48.8°. Hence, construct a stereogram centred on 0001 showing all the poles of the form {100}, {101}, {110} and {112} for this zeolite.
11 2.11 α‐sulfur forms orthorhombic holosymmetric crystals with a = 10.48 Å, b = 12.92 Å and c = 24.55 Å.Draw a sketch stereogram showing the symmetry elements shown by α‐sulphur.Calculate the angles (001)∧(011) and (100)∧(110). Insert these poles on a stereogram.Hence, draw an accurate stereogram of sulphur showing all the faces of the forms {100}, {010}, {001}, {101}, {110}, {111}, {011} and {113}. Index all the faces in the upper hemisphere. Which of these are general and which are special forms?
12 2.12 In dealing with some imperfect crystals with a cubic face‐centred lattice it is convenient to use a hexagonal unit cell. The cubic face‐centred lattice can be referred to a hexagonal cell where the z‐axis is parallel to [111] and of magnitude , where a is the lattice parameter of the conventional cubic unit cell and the x‐ and y‐axes are parallel to the 〈101〉 directions perpendicular to [111] and of magnitude .Draw a diagram showing the relation between the two unit cells.Write the hexagonal lattice vectors in terms of the cubic lattice vectors. Hence, derive the matrix for transforming the indices of lattice planes.Find the ratio of the volumes of the two unit cells by the matrix method and check by direct calculation. How many lattice points does each contain?Obtain the hexagonal indices of the planes with indices (112), (100) and (10) referred to the conventional cubic cell.
Suggestions for Further Reading
See the suggestions for Chapter 1 as well as the following:
1 Janssen, T. (1973). Crystallographic Groups. North‐Holland, Amsterdam.
2 Wooster, W.A. (1973). Tensors and Group Theory for the Physical Properties of Crystals. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
References
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Notes
1 1 It is also possible to use rotoreflection axes [1], pp. 23–30, also termed alternating axes [2], p. 117, in developing the point groups. These repeat an object by rotation coupled with reflection in a plane normal to the axis. Onefold, twofold, threefold, fourfold, and sixfold rotoreflection axes are possible, usually denoted (pronounced ‘one tilde’), , , and respectively. is clearly equivalent to a mirror plane.
2 2 Our symbols are identical to those used in the International Tables for Crystallography [3], with the exception of ‘’, which in the International Tables is always indicated by the symbol for a mirror plane.
3 3 All the individual faces of the form {hkl} are crystallographically identical. In a similar way, if a single direction is given, say [uvw], then all the directions produced if the repetition operations of the point group are carried out on the initial direction are called the family of directions of the type uvw and are given the symbol 〈uvw〉.
4 4 These are termed Miller−Bravais indices (or Bravais−Miller indices, the form used in [3]), because Auguste Bravais (1811−1863) was the first to show the relationship expressed in Eq. (2.2) in Equation