Canine and Feline Respiratory Medicine. Lynelle R. Johnson. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Lynelle R. Johnson
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Биология
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119482277
Скачать книгу
tubing can puncture the airway if extended with force.

      Thoracocentesis

Image described by caption.

      Fine‐Needle Lung Aspiration and Biopsy

Photo of a Temno biopsy needle with inset displaying its tip.

      Nasal Cytology

      Nasal cytology can be performed by pressing a microscope slide directly onto the nose of an animal or by obtaining material with a cotton swab and spreading it onto a slide. It is non‐invasive and inexpensive; however, there are substantial limitations to the amount of information obtained from this test. Its primary usefulness is in the diagnosis of nasal fungal infection with cryptococcosis (see Chapter 4). If eosinophils are noted in a dog with cough and nasal discharge, the possibility of eosinophilic lung disease should be considered (see Chapter 6). Accuracy in the diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis or neoplasia is poor unless an endoscopically obtained sample from a fungal plaque (De Lorenzi et al. 2006) or from a mass lesion is examined cytologically.

      Nasal Culture

      A study on the utility of fungal cultures in the diagnosis of canine nasal aspergillosis reported moderate sensitivity (77%) but high specificity (100%; Pomrantz et al. 2007). In that study, the material submitted for culture was from a visualized fungal plaque and therefore a low number of false‐positive values would be expected. In cases of cryptococcosis, culture and speciation can be helpful in determining the epidemiology of the infection, although subclinical colonization of the nasal cavity has been reported in 7–14% of dogs and cats (Malik et al. 1997).

      Nasal Histology

      Histopathology provides the diagnosis of aspergillosis in cases in which a plaque lesion has been sampled by direct visualization; however, a random sampling of the nasal mucosa or a blindly collected sample may not contain fungal elements, leading to