8 Section III: Specific Clinical Challenges 10 Managing Acute and Chronic Seronegative Liver Disease Introduction An Approach to Seronegative Acute Liver Failure Potential Causes of Seronegative ALF and Features that Suggest an Autoimmune Pathogenesis Clinical Features of Seronegative ALF Risk Stratification in Seronegative ALF Management of Seronegative ALF An Approach to Cryptogenic Chronic Liver Disease Conclusion References 11 Managing Pregnant Women with Autoimmune Liver Disease Introduction Fertility in AIH Pregnancy Outcomes in AIH Liver‐related Outcomes in Pregnancy Pregnancy in Cirrhosis Safety of Medication in Pregnancy Summary References 12 Bone Health in Patients with Autoimmune Liver Diseases Introduction Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Fractures Pathogenesis Assessment of Bone Disease Prevention and Treatment of Bone Loss Summary References
9 Section IV: Transplantation and Its Role in Autoimmune Liver Disease 13 Recurrent Autoimmune Liver Disease and Its Impact on Clinical Practice Introduction Primary Biliary Cholangitis Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Autoimmune Hepatitis Conclusions References 14 Recurrent Autoimmune Liver Disease and its Scientific Significance Introduction Recurrence of PBC Recurrence of PSC Recurrence of AIH Concluding Remarks References
10 Section V: Controversies in Autoimmune Liver Diseases 15 Making Sense of Overlap and Crossover Syndromes Introduction General Considerations PBC/AIH Overlap Syndrome PSC/AIH Overlap Syndrome Liver Transplantation Conclusions References 16 The Role of Extrahepatic Autoimmunity in Autoimmune Liver Disease Introduction Epidemiology