115 Page 116
116 Page 117
117 Page 118
118 Page 119
119 Page 120
120 Page 121
121 Page 123
122 Page 125
123 Page 126
124 Page 127
125 Page 128
126 Page 129
127 Page 130
128 Page 131
129 Page 132
130 Page 133
131 Page 135
132 Page 136
133 Page 137
134 Page 138
135 Page 139
136 Page 140
137 Page 141
138 Page 143
139 Page 144
140 Page 145
141 Page 146
142 Page 147
143 Page 148
144 Page 149
145 Page 151
146 Page 152
147 Page 153
148 Page 155
149 Page 156
150 Page 157
151 Page 159
152 Page 160
153 Page 161
154 Page 162
155 Page 163
156 Page 164
157 Page 165
158 Page 166
159 Page 167
160 Page 168
161 Page 169
162 Page 170
163 Page 171
164 Page 173
165 Page 174
166 Page 175
167 Page 176
168 Page 177
169 Page 178
170 Page 179
171 Page 180
172 Page 181
173 Page 182
174 Page 183
175 Page 184
176 Page 185
177 Page 191
THE
NEW
Microbiology
From Microbiomes to CRISPR
Pascale Cossart
Institut Pasteur
Paris, France
Cover image: Bacillus subtilis bacteria in the process of sporulation. The spore membrane is green and the bacterial membrane is red. Courtesy of Javier Lopez Garrido and Kit Pogliano, University of California, San Diego.
Translation of La nouvelle microbiologie: Des microbiotes aux CRISPR by Pascale Cossart, (C) ODILE JACOB, 2016
Copyright © 2018 by ASM Press. ASM Press is a registered trademark of the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in whole or in part or reutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Disclaimer: To the best of the publisher’s knowledge, this publication provides information concerning the subject matter covered that is accurate as of the date of publication. The publisher is not providing legal, medical, or other professional services. Any reference herein to any specific commercial products, procedures, or services by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favored status by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). The views and opinions of the author(s) expressed in this publication do not necessarily state or reflect those of ASM, and they shall not be used to advertise or endorse any product.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Cossart, Pascale, author.
Title: The new microbiology : from microbiomes to CRISPR / Pascale Cossart, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Other titles: Nouvelle microbiologie. English
Description: Washington, DC : ASM Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018001322 (print) | LCCN 2018003826 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781683670117 (e-book) | ISBN 9781683670100 |
ISBN 9781683670100 (print)
Subjects: LCSH: Microbiology.
Classification: LCC QR41.2 (ebook) | LCC QR41.2 .C6713 2018 (print) |
DDC 579—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018001322
doi:10.1128/9781683670117
Address editorial correspondence to: ASM Press, 1752 N St., NW, Washington, DC 20036-2904, USA.
Send orders to: ASM Press, P.O. Box 605, Herndon, VA 20172, USA.
Phone: 800-546-2416; 703-661-1593. Fax: 703-661-1501.
E-mail: [email protected]
Online: http://www.asmscience.org
PREFACE
For many of us, the word “microbe” still conjures a negative image, one of sickness, infection, or contamination. In general, we do not wonder “Where does this microbe come from?” except in case of an epidemic. We simply observe that its presence is inopportune and is dismantling a preestablished order, an equilibrium: this well-being that is named “health.”
We now know, however, that good health depends on the presence of millions of beneficial microbes