DNase I
Alginate Lyase
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase
α1-Antitrypsin
Glycosidases
Masking Nonhuman Epitopes
Engineering Bacteriophages
Targeting Mitochondria
Lactic Acid Bacteria
Interleukin-10
Leptin
An HIV Inhibitor
Insulin
Recombinant Antibodies
Hybrid Human–Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies
Human Monoclonal Antibodies
Antibody Fragments
Combinatorial Libraries of Antibody Fragments
A Combinatorial Library of Full-Length Antibodies
Shuffling CDR Sequences
Dual-Variable-Domain Antibodies
Anticancer Antibodies
Antibodies Against Various Diseases
Antiobesity Antibodies
Enhanced Antibody Half-Life
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
6 Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Agents
Targeting Specific mRNA and DNA Sequences
Antisense RNA
Aptamers
Ribozymes and DNAzymes
Interfering RNA
Zinc Finger Nucleases
CRISPR-Cas System
Nanozymes
Nanoparticles
Viral Delivery Systems
Nonviral Delivery Systems
Direct Injection
Lipids
Bacteria
Dendrimers
Antibodies
Aptamers
Transposons
Gene Therapy
Prodrug Activation Therapy
Promoterless Gene Targeting
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Vaccination
Current and Future Vaccines
Subunit Vaccines
Herpes Simplex Virus
Cholera
SARS
Staphylococcus aureus
Human Papillomavirus
Foot-and-Mouth Virus
Streptococcus
Delivery
Peptide Vaccines
Malaria
Genetic Immunization: DNA Vaccines
Delivery
Cancer
Dental Caries
Attenuated Vaccines
Herpes Simplex Virus
Cholera
Salmonella Species
Leishmania Species
Vector Vaccines
Vaccines Directed against Viruses
Vaccines Directed against Bacteria
Bacteria as Antigen Delivery Systems
Monoclonal Antibody Passive Immunity
Influenza Virus
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
8 Industrial and Environmental Uses of Recombinant Microorganisms
Restriction Endonucleases
Small Biological Molecules
L-Ascorbic Acid
Indigo
Amino Acids
Lycopene
Antibiotics
Biopolymers
Microbial Degradation of Xenobiotics
Genetic Engineering of Biodegradative Pathways
Utilization of Starch and Sugars
Commercial Production of Fructose and Alcohol
Increasing Alcohol Production
Improving Fructose Production
Utilization of Cellulose and Hemicellulose
Lignocellulosics
Cellulase Genes
Direct Conversion of Biomass to Ethanol
Zymomonas mobilis
Lipids from Cyanobacteria
Hydrogen Production
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
9 Large-Scale Production of Proteins from Recombinant Microorganisms
Principles of Microbial Growth
Batch Fermentation
Fed-Batch Fermentation
Continuous Fermentation
Maximizing The Efficiency of The Fermentation Process
High-Density Cell Cultures
Increasing Plasmid Stability
Quiescent E. Coli Cells
Protein Secretion