•Right Atrial Hypertrophy ⇔ Tall P
•Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ⇔ Tall QRS
33. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR CAUSES
•Adult bacterial meningitis ⇔ Neisseria meningitidis, Strept pneumoniae
•Elderly bacterial meningitis ⇔ Strept pneumoniae, Gram-negative bacilli
•Neonate bacterial meningitis ⇔ Strept agalactiae, Staph aureus, Klebsiella, and E coli
•Granulomatous (chronic) meningitis ⇔ Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Cryptococcus neoformans
•Viral meningitis and encephalitis ⇔ Enterovirus, arbo virus, herpes simplex, HIV and Arbovirus
•Bronchitis ⇔ H. influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae
•Pneumonia, neonatal ⇔ E coli, strep agalactiae
•Pneumonia, infants ⇔ Chlamydia trachomatis
•Pneumonia, children ⇔ Parainfluenza, RSV, Mycoplasma, and influenza A
•Tonsillitis ⇔ Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus
•Pharyngitis and Laryngitis ⇔ Mainly Viral (Adenovirus, Herpes, EBV, Coxsackie’s)
•Stomach ulcers ⇔ Helicobacter pylori
•Sinusitis ⇔ Staph aureus and Strep pneumoniae
•Burn sepsis ⇔ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
•Carbuncle ⇔ Staph aureus
•Catheter sepsis ⇔ Staph aureus, and Candida
•Common Cold ⇔ Rhino virus
•Cystitis/pyelonephritis ⇔ E. coli
•PID ⇔ Neisseria gonorrhea, and Chlamydia trachomatis
•Endocarditis ⇔ Strep viridans, Staph aureus and epidermidis
•Osteomyelitis ⇔ Staph aureus
•Arthritis ⇔ Staph aureus, and Neisseria gonorrhea
•Genital ulcer ⇔ Syphilis and herpes
•Otitis media ⇔Strep pneumoniae and H. influenza
•Otitis externa ⇔ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
•Urethritis ⇔ Chlamydia
•Food poisoning ⇔ Bacillus cereus, Staph aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and clostridium botulism
34. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES
Keyboard Associations
Vitamin / Element ⇔ Attributes/Diseases
•Vitamin A ⇔ Vision, Xerophthalmia
•Vitamin B1 ⇔ Beri Beri, Wernicke-Korsakoff
•Vitamin B2 ⇔ Angular stomatitis
•Vitamin B5 ⇔ Dermatitis
•Vitamin B6 ⇔ Convulsions, hyperirritability
•Vitamin B12 ⇔ Macrocytic and Megaloblastic Anemia
•Vitamin B3 (Niacin) ⇔ Pellagra, Hartnup’s, 3 D’s (dementia, dermatitis, and diarrhea)
•Biotin ⇔ Dermatitis
•Folic Acid ⇔ Anemia (Macrocytic and megaloblastic); PABA is folic acid analog in bacteria; Sulfa drugs are PABA analogs
•Vitamin C ⇔ Scurvy
•Vitamin D2 and D3 ⇔ Deficiency = Rickets, and osteomalacia; Excess= Hypercalcemia, Stupor
•Vitamin E ⇔ Fragile RBC
•Vitamin K ⇔ Neonatal hemorrhage; Clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X affected
•Ca++ and PO3 ⇔ Rickets and osteomalacia
•Na+ and K+ ⇔ Paralysis and weakness
•Cl- ⇔ Diarrhea and renal disease
•Mg++ ⇔ Diarrhea
•Fe++ ⇔ Microcytic anemia
•Fiber ⇔ Constipation, colon cancer, and hypercholesterolemia
•Essential fatty acids ⇔ Membrane function loss, water loss and dermatitis
35. CNS LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS
Keyboard Associations
CNS Organ ⇔ Attributes / Diseases
•Temporal lobe ⇔ Epilepsy
•Frontal lobe ⇔ Personality change, and judgment deficit
•Right parietal lobe ⇔ Contralateral agnosia
•Occipital lobe ⇔ Visual defect
•Broca’s ⇔ Motor aphasia
•Wernicke’s ⇔ Sensory aphasia
•Amygdala (bilateral) ⇔ Kluver-Bucy syndrome
•Mamillary bodies (alcoholism) ⇔ Wernicke-Korsakoff’s psychosis
•Hippocampus ⇔ Memory deficit
•Basal Meynert nuclei (Ach) ⇔ Alzheimer’s
•Substantia Nigra (dopamine) ⇔ Parkinson’s
•Caudate nucleus (GABA) ⇔ Huntington chorea
•Subthalamic nucleus (Glu) ⇔ Hemiballism
•Cerebellum (spino/cerebro) ⇔ Asynergia, ataxia, dysmetria, intention tremor
•Cerebellum (vestibule) ⇔ equilibrium)
•Nucleus of VI ⇔ Lateral gaze paralysis
•Nerve VI ⇔ Medial strabismus, lateral rectus palsy
•Nerve III ⇔ Mydriasis, ptosis, lateral strabismus
•Nerves VI and VII, Pyramidal tract ⇔ Millard-Gubler Syndrome
•Brainstem above superior colliculus ⇔ Decerebrate rigidity
•Reticular formation ⇔ syncope
•Anterior spinal artery (proximal) ⇔ Inferior alternating hemiplegia
•Posterior inferior cerebellar artery ⇔ Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)
•Anterior inferior cerebellar artery ⇔ Lower lateral pontine syndrome
•Superior cerebellar artery ⇔Rostral lateral pontine syndrome
•Hemisection of spinal cord ⇔ Brown-Sequard syndrome
•Conus medullaris ⇔ Areflexive bladder
•Above T6 ⇔ Autonomic dysreflexia
•Upper Motor Neuron Signs ⇔ Positive Babinski, Spastic Paralysis, Hyperreflexia, Loss of Cutaneous Reflexes
•Lower Motor Neuron Signs ⇔ Flaccid Paralysis, Hypotonia, Areflexia, Hyporeflexia, Muscle atrophy, Muscle Fasciculation
•Alternating Hemiplegia ⇔ Superior III, Trigeminal V, Middle VI, and Inferior VII
36. ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Keyboard Associations
Human Disease ⇔ Common Animal Host (Vector)
•Pasteurellosis ⇔ Dogs, cats