JEWISH CULTURE AND CONTEXTS
Published in association with the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies of the University of Pennsylvania
David B. Ruderman, Series Editor
Advisory Board
Richard I. Cohen
Moshe Idel
Alan Mintz
Deborah Dash Moore
Ada Rapoport-Albert
Michael D. Swartz
A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher.
Russian Jews Between the Reds and the Whites, 1917–1920
Oleg Budnitskii
Translated by Timothy J. Portice
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA PRESS
PHILADELPHIA
Originally published as Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi ibelymi, 1917–1920 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2005)
Publication of this volume was assisted by a grant from the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation.
Copyright © 2012 University of Pennsylvania Press
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher.
Published by
University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Budnitskii, O.
[Rossiiskie evrei mezhdu krasnymi i belymi. English]
Russian Jews between the Reds and the Whites, 1917–1920 /
Oleg Budnitskii ; translated by Timothy J. Portice. — 1st ed.
p. cm. — (Jewish culture and contexts)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8122-4364-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Soviet Union—History—Revolution, 1917–1921—Jews.
2. Jews—Soviet Union—History. I. Title. II. Series:
Jewish culture and contexts.
DK265.9.J48B8313 2012
947.084'1—dc23
2011030184
In memory of my father, Vitaly Danilovich Budnitskii (1930–1990)
CONTENTS
Chapter 1. Jews in the Russian Empire, 1772–1917
Chapter 2. The Jews and the Russian Revolution
Chapter 3. The Bolsheviks and the Jews
Chapter 4. “No Shneerzons!” The White Movement and the Jews
Chapter 5. Trump Card: Antisemitism in White Ideology and Propaganda
Chapter 6. In the Shadow of the Holocaust: The Pogroms of 1918–1920
Chapter 7. Russian Liberalism and the “Jewish Question”
Chapter 8. The “Jewish Question,” White Diplomacy, and the Western Democracies
Chapter 10. Jews and the Red Army
Bibliography of Archival Sources
Gallery follows.
ABBREVIATIONS
| BAR | Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian and East European History and Culture, Columbia University |
| CC | Central Committee |
| Cheka | Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage |
| Comintern | Communist International |
| d. | delo, a file within a fond (archival term) |
| EKOPO | Jewish Committee for Assistance to War Victims |
| ESDRP | Jewish Social Democratic Workers' Party |
| Evkom | Jewish Commissariat of the People's Comissariat of Nationalities |
| Evvoensek | Jewish Section of the Department of International Propaganda of the Political Administration of the People's War Commissariat of the Ukrainian SSR |
| f. | fond, document collection (archival term) |
| GARF | State Archive of the Russian Federation |
| GARO | State Archive of the Rostov oblast |
| Gorkom | City Committee |
| Gubkom | Gubernia Committee |
| HIA | Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University |
| Joint | American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee |
| l. | page (archival term) |
| LRA | Leeds Russian Archive |
| Narkom | People's Commissar |
| OESRP | United Jewish Socialist Workers' Party |
| OGPU | State Political Directorate, successor to the Cheka |
| op. | inventory (archival term) |
| Polrevkom | Polish Revolutionary Committee |
| Revkom | Revolutionary Committee |
| RGASPI | Russian State Archive of Social-Political History |
| RKP | Russian Communist Party |
| SERP | Jewish Socialist Workers' Party |
| Sovdep | Soviet of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies |
| Sovnarkom | Soviet of People's Commissars |
| Tsevaad | Central
|