Flynn declined to rise to Flanagan’s bait and was gushing in his praise for his former party leader:
I place my trust in him [De Valera] and I feel that good will come from it. In conclusion, I wish to say that I am voting for Deputy de Valera for two reasons, (1) that in my opinion he is the embodiment of the national ideal for which our people have fought and died and that he will pursue his policy to the end, and (2) that as the leader of a large Party he is in a position to govern this country and, as such, is in a better position to carry out a policy that will be acceptable to the people than Deputy [John A.] Costello [the Fine Gael leader] who would have to negotiate with a number of smaller Parties.14
Locally as well as nationally, by the summer of 1951, Flynn’s rapprochement with Fianna Fáil was well underway. Within months of voting for de Valera as Taoiseach, Flynn was re-admitted to his former party. At a meeting of the Comhairle Dáil Ceantair in Kerry South on 10 November 1951, ‘it was unanimously decided to admit Mr J. Flynn T.D. to membership of the Organisation’.15
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One of Jack Flynn’s strongest allies in the Kerry South constituency was Cahersiveen party activist, Daniel (Dan) O’Donoghue, father of Ceann Comhairle John O’Donoghue. The former minister recalls that in his youth, the family had a spare room which was known as ‘Jack Flynn’s room’ in which the TD would spend the night if he was travelling in the Cahersiveen area.16 Dan O’Donoghue, also a veteran of the War of Independence, remained a close friend and supporter of Flynn’s, even when the latter was thrown out of the party and despite the fact that Fianna Fáil TD John B. Healy was O’Donoghue’s uncle and was a neighbour of the O’Donoghue family in Cahersiveen. O’Donoghue sought the Fianna Fáil nomination for the local elections of 1955 in the Killorglin Electoral Area, but failed to win the party’s backing. He decided to contest the election as an Independent. Jack Flynn, by then back in the fold, appealed to O’Donoghue to stay with the organisation and said that ‘he himself on one occasion had been disowned by Fianna Fáil but that he had stood by them and was now back in the ranks’.17 Flynn’s pleas fell on deaf ears and though Dan O’Donoghue didn’t succeed in 1955, he was elected to Kerry County Council as an Independent in 1960. His wife, Mary, was co-opted to his seat on his death in 1964 and re-joined Fianna Fáil.
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Jack Flynn retained his seat for Fianna Fáil at the general election of 1954, but he was dramatically unseated in 1957 when Sinn Féin won its first and only Dáil seat in Kerry South courtesy of John Joe Rice from Kenmare. The defeat heralded the beginning of the end of Flynn’s political career and in 1960 he stood down as a member of Kerry County Council. In October 1957, Jack Flynn and his wife, Mary (née Ryle), sold their forty-acre farm and home at Brackhill, Castlemaine,18 and moved to Killarney, where the couple ran the East Avenue House guesthouse on a site which had been owned by Mary’s first husband, Denis O’Connor, a Tralee garage owner and member of the army who had died in 1946. Following the sale of that business in the 1960s, the couple retired to Tralee and lived in Caherslee. Jack Flynn died in Dublin on 22 August 1968.
‘The Queen of Balochistan’
The Tarbert woman elected to the Pakistani parliament
‘The Queen of Balochistan’, Bridie Wren (Jehan Zeba), pictured in Pakistan in 1993 (Catherine Kelter).
Quite a number of Kerry’s sons and daughters have left Ireland and made significant marks on their adopted countries, but few have had as transformative an experience as that of a young nurse from Tarbert who met and became smitten by the son of a chieftain from India. Jennifer Wren, later Jehan Zeba, went on to represent her adopted people in government, ran successful companies and earned the love and respect of her adopted people. Born Bridget (Bridie) Wren in Ballinoe, Tarmons, Tarbert, during the First World War, Bridie went to England to study to become a nurse and adopted the name Jennifer in what may have been an expression of her independence. But it was not long before she left Britain and adopted a lifestyle, a culture and a religion that were far removed from what she had been used to as the child of a family of small farmers, with four sisters and two brothers.
In 1939 she met Qazi Mohammad Musa, the son of the Khan (leader) of the Qalat District in Balochistan in what would later become Pakistan when the country won its independence. Qazi Musa was studying philosophy in Oxford at the time. His brother, Qazi Mohammad Essa was a prominent member of the Pakistani Movement and the All-India Muslims. The man regarded as the founder of Pakistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah stayed with the family from time to time. ‘We met at his college, at a party – you know what students are like,’ she recalled later, ‘I was a Catholic, he was a Muslim. I think I became Islamic at the time. There is no difference in any of these religions except some people believe in one god, some in another and some in lots of gods.’1
Qazi Musa had been matched with a wife in Pakistan when he was fourteen and his family was anxious about the new woman in his life, but they married in 1940 and Jennifer became Jehan Zeba. There were five children in the earlier marriage, but relations between the new union and Qazi Musa’s previous wife remained cordial and she continued to live nearby. There had been worries that those opposed to the new marriage – and the unconventional nature of it – might lead to someone poisoning one or both of them. This concern passed in time, however. Jennifer was respectful of the ways of life and the religion of the people and they responded with admiration for her.
Qazi and Jennifer settled in Balochistan in 1947, the year after Pakistan had achieved its independence. They had one son, Ashraf Jehangir Qazi. Despite being the country’s largest province, Balochistan had the highest poverty rate and the lowest literacy rate of the four provinces up until the 1970s. Its arid conditions were described by the Daily Telegraph: ‘The area, which is hemmed in by russet mountains and tormented by dust devils and temperatures in excess of 50 degrees Celsius, was retained within the borders of British India after the Second Afghan War in 1881.’2 Having been brought up near the banks of the Shannon, Balochistan’s hot conditions must have been an enormous change for Jennifer. The couple’s home was described as a ‘thick, mud-walled, colonial-era home that was festooned with daggers, tigers’ heads and photographs of her extravagantly whiskered in-laws’.3
Tragically, Qazi Musa lost his life in a road traffic accident in 1956. Jennifer remained in her husband’s home town, Pishin. Having initially considered returning to Ireland with her son, aged fourteen when Qazi Musa died, she decided to remain in Pakistan. She paid a visit home to Ireland in the 1960s, but found no reason to leave the country in which she had made her home and which had warmly embraced her as a citizen. She had also been away for a considerable period of time. However, people who spoke English with her were still able to detect the remnants of her Irish accent.
She joined the National Awami (Freedom) Party and won a seat in Pakistan’s first parliament (National Assembly) in 1970. She proudly signed the new Pakistan Constitution in 1973, but she continued to agitate for ‘her’ people and contended that there were insufficient safeguards for the community of Balochistan. She also clashed with the government due to her refusal to cover her head with a veil or wear the burqa. It was a defiant position to take in a time of political turmoil. She also aggravated sections of the country by espousing education, particularly for women. She demonstrated her courage when she acted as a go-between for the groups that had taken up arms in resurrection and the government. She was never afraid of taking risks if she thought that they were the best course of action. The imposition of martial law ended her seven-year term in the National Assembly, but she remained the tribal head in her region and continued to irritate the government through her promotion of education and her setting-up of both the first women’s association and the first family-planning clinic in the region. ‘You can’t liberate women until you liberate men,’ she remarked.4 For the tribesmen, she always remained ‘Mummy Jennifer’, and was christened the ‘Queen of Balochistan’.
Jennifer ran an ice plant for a time