For the Record. Joan Grierson

Alice Ayer Alison

       Shelagh Macdonnell Rounthwaite

       Isobel Grace Stewart

       Jean Taylor Strange

       Joan Robinson Grierson

       Ruthetta Kaplan Reiss

      1950s

       Lennox Grafton

       Catherine Currie Smale

       Margaret Gisborne Christie

       Marjorie Sewell Shepland

       Audrey Koehler Christie

       Joan Burt

       Joanna Barclay de Tolly Ozdowski

       Kathleen Connor Irvine

       Mary Patterson Clark

       Monica Nomberg

       Natalie Salkauskis Liacas

THE 1920s

      EVENTS

       The League of Nations convenes in Paris.

       William Lyon Mackenzie King is prime minister of Canada.

       In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin dies at 53. Joseph Stalin takes control.

       Military leader Chiang Kai-shek becomes leader of the Republic of China.

       Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.

       Calvin Coolidge becomes U.S. president on the death of Warren G. Harding.

       The discovery of insulin is announced at the University of Toronto.

       First transatlantic telephone communication and first network radio broadcast.

       First transmission of television.

       Charles Lindbergh flies solo across the Atlantic.

       Air mail service begins in northern Canada.

       October 29, 1929, Black Tuesday, the stock market crash marks the start of the Great Depression.

      LIFE

      This decade is known as the Roaring Twenties. Women bob their hair and smoke in public. The flapper dress appears and the Charleston hits the dance floor. Movies, radio and the gramophone replace vaudeville and bring entertainment into the home.

       Flying is all the rage. Eileen Vollick of Hamilton, Ontario, is the first woman pilot to take off and land a plane on skis.

       Agnes Macphail, an independent candidate from Grey County, Ontario, is the first elected woman to sit in the House of Commons.

       The marketplace introduces strained baby foods and the first motel.

      MODEL T FORD 1922 TOURING CAR. By 1927 the Ford Motor Co.had produced 15 million automobiles.

      WASSILY CHAIR, designed at the Bauhaus by Hugarian-born Marcel Lajos Breuer in 1926, manufactured by vienna’s Gebrüder Thonet.

      HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, Ottawa, Ontario, 1916–1927, Pearson & Marchand, Architects; EDMONTON PUBLIC LIBRARY, Edmonton, Alberta, 1923, G.M. MacDonald and H.A. MacDonald and H.A. Magoon, Architects; PLAN OF THE GARDEN VILLAGE FOR DOMINION STEEL PRODUCTS CO., Of Brantford, Ontario, 1923, Gray, Architect, AIA.

      STATISTICS 1921 POPULATION OF CANADA 8,787,949 Population of U.S. 105,710,620 In the 1920s the urban population in Canada surpassed that of the rural areas. Architecture graduates in Canada 3 WOMEN 135 men

      BOOKSJalna by Mazo de la Roche; The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot; Winnie the Pooh by A.A. Milne.

      FILMSThe Gold Rush, starring Charlie Chaplin; The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson; Nanook of the North, the first feature-length documentary.

      RADIO Sports; Will Rogers; the Metropolitan Opera.

      MUSIC Bessie Smith records the blues; Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong joins King Oliver’s jazz band; George Gershwin composes Rhapsody in Blue.

      ART Emily Carr exhibits at the National Gallery and begins an association with the Group of Seven.

       ARCHITECTURE

      In Canada in the 1920s, Beaux-Arts Neoclass.mapicism and the Gothic Revival continued to dominate architectural design, especially for public buildings such as Union Station in Toronto, the Edmonton Public Library, and the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. This was all about to change.

      The modernist movement in architecture was initiated by a small group of architects in Europe, among them Walter Gropius and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Germany, Le Corbusier in France, and J.J. Oud in Holland. In 1919, Gropius founded the Bauhaus, a design school that sought to relate art and architecture to technology and the practical needs of modern life. In 1923, Le Corbusier wrote Vers une architecture (Towards a New Architecture), advocating functional design, honest use of materials and basic geometric shapes. (In Canada, the igloo would have met these requirements.)

      In England, Elisabeth Whitworth Scott won the 1928 international competition for the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon. It was the first major public building in England to achieve a dignified effect without recourse to historical sources. Women were making an appearance as planners as well; the MIT-educated architect Greta Gray designed a garden village for the workers at Dominion Steel in Brantford, Ontario, as early as 1923.

      In Canada, new ideas in design were absorbed slowly, with historical styles continuing to dominate. There were six schools of architecture in Canada at this time. At the University of Toronto, architecture was a four-year course with graduating class.mapes of less than ten students; the degree granted was a Bachelor of Science until 1923, when it became a Bachelor of Architecture.