Abnormal Psychology. William J. Ray

and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal AxisThe Autonomic Nervous SystemPsychological Stress and the Immune SystemTrauma Changes Our Genes Through Tagging (Epigenetics)Is Social Pain Like Physical Pain?The Study of StressDoes Fight or Flight Apply Equally to Males and Females?Does Social Stress Produce a Similar Reaction to Physical Stress?Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders in DSM–5Adjustment DisordersAcute Stress DisorderPost-Traumatic Stress DisorderLENS: Does Debriefing Help Prevent PTSD?Causes, Characteristics, and Prevalence of PTSDDSM–5 Criteria for PTSDThe Physiological Aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderCASE OF VICTORIA ENGLISH: Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderTreatment for Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: PTSD Definitions in DSM–IV and DSM–5LENS: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Suicide in the MilitarySummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      10 Chapter 8 • Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive DisordersOverview of Anxiety DisordersThe Nature of Anxiety and Evolutionary ExplanationsCognitive Processes in AnxietyNeurobiology of Anxiety DisordersDevelopmental Aspects of AnxietyModels of Anxiety DevelopmentAnxiety Disorders Around the WorldCultural LENS: Global Mental Health: Anxiety DisordersMajor Types of Anxiety DisordersSeparation Anxiety DisorderGeneralized Anxiety DisorderTreatment for Generalized Anxiety DisorderPsychological TreatmentBiological TreatmentCASE OF ADAM CALDWELL: Generalized Anxiety DisorderSocial Anxiety DisorderLENS: Anxiety and the Prescribing of BenzodiazepinesNeuroscience Aspects of Social AnxietyTreatment for Social Anxiety DisorderAgoraphobiaSpecific PhobiaNeuroscience Aspects of Specific PhobiasTreatment for Specific PhobiasPanic DisorderNeuroscience Aspects of Panic DisorderTreatment for Panic DisorderObsessive-Compulsive DisorderCharacteristics, Prevalence, and Significant Aspects of OCDOther DSM–5 Disorders Categorized With OCDUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related DisordersBrain Processes Associated With OCDTreatment for OCDSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      11 Chapter 9 • Dissociative Disorders and Somatic Symptom DisordersDissociative DisordersDepersonalization/Derealization DisorderTWO CASE STUDIES: DepersonalizationDissociative AmnesiaCASE OF MICHAEL BOATWRIGHT: Dissociative AmnesiaDissociative Identity DisorderLENS: Multiple Personality and the MediaTreatment for Dissociative DisordersUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: Dissociative DisordersSomatic Symptom and Related DisordersSomatic System DisorderIllness Anxiety DisorderCultural LENS: Culture and Somatic SymptomsConversion DisorderFactitious DisorderTreatment for Somatic Symptom DisordersLENS: Awareness of the Body and the BrainSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      12 Chapter 10 • Eating DisordersOverview: Feeding Disorders, Obesity, and Eating DisordersFeeding DisordersPicaRumination DisorderAvoidant/Restrictive Food Intake DisorderThe Problem of ObesityNeuroscience Aspects of ObesityCultural LENS: Reducing Obesity WorldwideDifferences in the View of Ideal Weight Between Males and FemalesThe Major Eating DisordersAnorexia NervosaCharacteristics of Anorexia NervosaNeuroscience and AnorexiaCauses of Anorexia NervosaTreating Anorexia NervosaLENS: Eating Disorders and Your GutBulimia NervosaCharacteristics and Prevalence of Bulimia NervosaCauses of Bulimia NervosaTreating Bulimia NervosaCASE OF ANNE HART: Bulimia NervosaLENS: Eating Disorders and SportsBinge Eating DisorderUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: Eating DisordersSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      13 Chapter 11 • Sexuality Disorders and Gender DysphoriaSexuality in ContextHistorical PerspectivesRecent Studies on the Sexual Activities of AmericansCultural LENS: Sexuality and the Clashing of CulturesSexual Desire, Arousal, and ResponseYour Brain and Sexual ActivityNormal Sexual FunctioningSexual Dysfunction DisordersErectile DisorderFemale Orgasmic DisorderDelayed EjaculationEarly EjaculationFemale Sexual Interest/Arousal DisorderMale Hypoactive Sexual Desire DisorderGenito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration DisorderTreatment Approaches for Sexual Dysfunction DisordersSex TherapyMedications and Other TreatmentsParaphilic DisordersExhibitionistic DisorderFrotteuristic DisorderFetishistic DisorderPedophilic DisorderSexual Masochism DisorderSexual Sadism DisorderTransvestic DisorderVoyeuristic DisorderOther Paraphilic DisordersCauses of and Treatment Approaches for Paraphilic DisordersCASE OF GEORGE NADEL: Court-Mandated Treatment for Child Pornography PossessionGender DysphoriaGender Roles, Gender Identity, and Gender DysphoriaDevelopment, Characteristics, and Prevalence of Gender DysphoriaThe Brain and Gender DysphoriaProviding Assistance for Individuals With Gender DysphoriaLENS: Transgender: Bruce Jenner’s Journey to Caitlyn JennerUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: Sexual and Gender-Related ExperiencesSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      14 Chapter 12 • Substance-Related and Addictive DisordersDrug Use in the United StatesSubstance Abuse, Dependence, and AddictionSubstance Disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-10Who Becomes Addicted?Genetic, Environmental, and Evolutionary InfluencesPattern of AddictionCan Drugs Change Your Brain?AlcoholDSM–5 Alcohol-Related DisordersUnderstanding Changes in DSM–5: Substance-Related and Addictive DisordersCASE OF RICHARD THOMPSON: Alcohol Use DisorderEffects of Alcohol on the Human BodyModerate, Heavy, and Binge DrinkingRates of DrinkingDo People Who Drink More Like It More?Marijuana, Hallucinogens, and OpioidsCannabisLENS: The Legalization of MarijuanaCannabis and PsychosisHallucinogensOpioidsDo You Have Opioid Receptors in Your Brain?Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, Caffeine, and NicotineCocaineCocaine, Dopamine, and Your BrainAmphetaminesAmphetamines as a MedicineCaffeineTobacco and NicotineGamblingTreatment of Substance-Related DisordersPrinciples of Effective TreatmentLENS: Drug Use—Rehabilitation, Not JailPsychosocial Therapies and AddictionThe 12-Step ProgramControlled Drinking ApproachesMedications Used to Treat AddictionSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      15 Chapter 13 • SchizophreniaSchizophrenia Basics: Prevalence, Course, and SymptomsPrevalence and Course of SchizophreniaPositive and Negative SymptomsLENS: Elyn Saks Describes Her Day-to-Day Experiences With SchizophreniaPositive SymptomsNegative SymptomsMultilevel Process for Diagnosing SchizophreniaAre There Subtypes of Schizophrenia?Understanding Changes in DSM–5: SchizophreniaHistorical and Evolutionary Perspectives on SchizophreniaHistorical PerspectiveCASE OF JAMES STERN: SchizophreniaEvolutionary PerspectiveFactors in the Development of SchizophreniaGenetic Factors in SchizophreniaEndophenotypes Associated With SchizophreniaCauses and Effects: Neuroscience Findings About SchizophreniaSchizophrenia and Brain FunctionWhat Brain Changes Are Seen in Schizophrenia?Ventricle Changes in SchizophreniaSchizophrenia and Brain NetworksNeurotransmitters Involved in SchizophreniaHow Are Cognitive Processes Changed in Schizophrenia?Treating Individuals With SchizophreniaLENS: Mercy Bookings of Mental PatientsAntipsychotic MedicationsPsychosocial Interventions for SchizophreniaLENS: Mental Health Networks of Those With Serious Mental DisordersSummaryStudy ResourcesReview QuestionsFor Further ReadingKey Terms and ConceptsSAGE edge

      16 Chapter 14 • Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders and PersonalityWhat Is a Personality Disorder?Comorbidity of Personality DisordersCultural LENS: Global Mental Health: Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders and Typical Personality TraitsThe Characteristics of a Healthy SelfTypical Personality TraitsEvolution and Different Personality CharacteristicsMaladaptive Personality Traits and Personality DisordersCategories and DimensionsEnvironmental and Genetic Studies of Personality DisordersOdd, Eccentric Personality DisordersParanoid Personality DisorderSchizoid Personality DisorderSchizotypal Personality DisorderCASE OF NATHAN JAMES: Schizotypal Personality DisorderDramatic Emotional Personality DisordersAntisocial Personality Disorder and PsychopathyAntisocial Personality DisorderPsychopathyCASE OF JIM NELSON: Mandated Treatment for Child Sexual AbuseBrain Involvement in PsychopathyBorderline Personality DisorderCASE OF AMY JAMES: Borderline Personality DisorderBrain Studies of Those With Borderline Personality DisorderTrust and Borderline Personality DisorderHistrionic Personality DisorderCASE OF AMY PORTER: Histrionic Personality DisorderNarcissistic Personality DisorderCASE OF DAWN NICHOLS: Narcissistic Personality DisorderAnxious Fearful Personality DisordersAvoidant Personality DisorderDependent Personality DisorderObsessive-Compulsive Personality DisorderTreatment of Personality DisordersDialectical Behavior TherapyOther Proven Therapies for