Tourism Enterprise
Developments, Management and Sustainability
Tourism Enterprise
Developments, Management and Sustainability
David Leslie
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© D. Leslie 2015. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leslie, David, 1951-
Tourism enterprise : developments, management and sustainability / David Leslie.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78064-356-4 (alk. paper)
1. Tourism--Environmental aspects. 2. Environmental management. 3. Green movement. 4. Sustainable development. I. Title.
G156.5.E58L47 2014
910.68--dc23
2014006672
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 356 4
Commissioning editor: Claire Parfitt
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Laura Tsitlidze
Typeset by Columns Design XML Ltd, Reading, UK.
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
3 Sustainable Supply Chain Management
4 Corporate Social Responsibility – The Wider Context of Environmental Performance
5 Resource Management and Operational Practices – Environmental Management Systems
6 Local Produce, Local Products
8 Access to the Destination and the Enterprise – The Transportation Factor
9 Enterprise Owners/Managers – Awareness, Perceptions and Attitudes
Acknowledgements
Any undertaking always involves the support of other people. In this instance given the timeframe of the research involved such support extends back into the early 1990s through to the present time. Throughout this period many persons in their different ways have contributed to the research that forms the basis of this book for which I am indeed grateful.
I would also like to thank those persons who have helped in the development of the book from the outset commencing with the team at CABI particularly Alex Lainsbury and Claire Parfitt, the reviewers for their insightful comments, and the production team. Most especially I would like to thank Patrick ‘Paddy’ Boyle, Carol Leslie, Russell Ecob, Jakki Holland and Debbie Hinds.
As has been the case in the past and similarly throughout this undertaking, there has been the ever present Susan, putting up with my distractions and pre-occupation, and without whose help this book would not have come to fruition.
David Leslie
Glasgow
1 Introduction
The emergent green agenda of the 1960s and its gradual morphological shift in the 1980s and early 1990s to sustainable development, now more generally termed sustainability, appears to have subtly changed in the 2000s to climate change. This shift in emphasis on the part of post-industrial nations to the more politically acceptable climate change (Leslie, 2009) has led to a loss of focus on the aims of sustainable development, i.e.
• to protect and improve the environment;
• to ensure economic security for everyone; and
• to create a more equitable and fairer society (Church and McHarry, 1999, p. 2).
Evidently far more attention is paid to greenhouse gases (GHG) with an accent on carbon emissions and carbon footprinting. This environmental agenda hardly needs rehearsing here given the breadth of discourse on such matters over the last 25 years, which has raised more questions than answers (see Ekins, 1986; WCED, 1987; Pearce, 1993; Jacobs, 1996; Johnson and Turner, 2003; Blowers and Hinchliffe, 2003; Connelly and Smith, 2003). As environmental concerns expanded then so pressure mounted
on industry to address the actual and potential contribution of their operations in contributing to environmental degradation and develop systems to assess the environmental performance of individual operations – enterprises (Welford and Starkey, 1996, p. xi).
Tourism has certainly not escaped such attention, particularly in the 1990s, leading to a plethora of conferences, myriad books and articles over the years (see Romeril and Hughes-Evans, 1979; Krippendorf, 1987; Harrison, 1992; Jenner and Smith, 1992; Smith and Eadington, 1992; Cater and Lowman,