BUTTER, ARTIFICIAL: TESTS FOR: See Foods.
BUTTER COLORANT: See Foods.
BUTTONS OF ARTIFICIAL AGATE: See Agate.
CADMIUM ALLOYS: See Alloys. {144}
CALCIUM CARBIDE:
Preservation And Use Of Calcium Carbide.
—Calcium carbide is readily attacked by the air and the moisture contained in the generators and consequently decomposes during the storing, with formation of acetylene gas. Aside from the loss, this decomposition is also attended with dangers. One of the oldest methods of preservation is the saturation of the carbide with petroleum. In using such carbide a layer of petroleum forms on the surface of the water in the generator, which prevents the water from evaporating, thus limiting the subsequent generation of acetylene from the remaining carbide. Instead of petroleum many other substances have been proposed which answer the purpose equally well, e.g., toluol, oils, solid bodies, which previously have to be liquefied, such as stearine, paraffine, rosin, etc.
Of a different nature is a medium offered by Létang of Paris. He employs sugar or saccharine bodies to which he adds, if necessary, a little petroleum, turpentine, vaseline, or varnish of any kind, as well as chalk, limestone, talc, sulphur, or sand. The carbide is coated with this mixture. The saccharine substances dissolve in the generating water, and also have a dissolving action on the slaked lime, which is formed by the decomposition of the carbide which admits of its easy removal.
According to another process carbide is put on the market in such a shape that, without weighing, merely by counting or measuring one is in a position to use equivalent quantities for every charge. Gearing casts molten carbide in the shape of bars, and pours a layer of gelatin, glue, and water soluble varnish over the carbide bars. Others make shells containing a certain quantity of reduced carbide. For this ordinary and varnished pasteboard, wax paper, tinfoil, thin sheet zinc, and similar substances may be used which ward off atmospheric moisture, thus protecting the carbide from premature decomposition. Before use, the cartridge-like shell is pierced or cut open, so that the water can get at the contents. The more or less reduced carbide is filled in the shell, either without any admixture or united into a compact mass by a binding agent, such as colophony, pitch, tar, sand, etc.
Deodorization Of Calcium Carbide.
—Calcium carbide is known to possess a very unpleasant odor because it constantly develops small quantities of impure acetylene in contact with the moisture of the air. Le Roy, of Rouen, proposes for portable—especially bicycle—lamps, in which the evil is more noticeable than in large plants, simply to pour some petroleum over the carbide and to pour off the remainder not absorbed. The petroleum, to which it is well to add some nitro-benzol (mirbane essence), prevents the access of air to the carbide, but permits a very satisfactory generation of gas on admission of water.
CALCIUM SULPHIDE (LUMINOUS): See Paints.
CALFSKIN: See Leather.
CAMERA RENOVATION: See Photography.
CAMPHOR PREPARATIONS:
Fragrant Naphthalene Camphor.—
| Naphthalene white, in scales | 3,000 parts |
| Camphor | 1,000 parts |
| Melt on the steam bath and add to the hot mass: | |
| Coumarin | 2 parts |
| Mirbane oil | 10 parts |
Cast in plates or compressed tablets. The preparation is employed as a moth preventive.
Powdered Camphor In Permanent Form.
—I.—Powder the camphor in the usual manner, with the addition of a little alcohol. When it is nearly reduced to the proper degree of fineness add a few drops of fluid petrolatum and immediately triturate again. In this manner a powder as fine as flour is obtained, which does not cake together. This powdered camphor may be used for all purposes except for solution in alcohol, as it will impart to the latter a faint opalescence, owing to the insolubility of the petrolatum.
II.—Take equal parts of strong ether and alcohol to reduce the camphor to powder. It is claimed for this method that it only takes one-half of the time required when alcohol alone is used, and that the camphor dries more quickly. Before sifting add 1 per cent of white vaseline and 5 per cent of sugar of milk. Triturate fairly dry, spread out in the air, say 15 minutes, then pass through a moderately fine wire sieve, using a stubby shaving brush to assist in working it through. {145}
Camphor Pomade—
| Oil of bitter almonds | 1 drachm |
| Oil of cloves | 20 drops |
| Camphor | 1 1/2 ounces |
| White wax | 4 ounces |
| Lard, prepared | 1 pound |
Melt the wax and lard together, then add the camphor in saturated solution in spirit; put in the oils when nearly cold.
Camphor Ice.—
| I.— | White wax | 16 parts |
|---|---|---|
| Benzoated suet | 48 parts | |
| Camphor, powdered | 8 parts | |
| Essential oil, to perfume. |
Melt the wax and suet together. When nearly cold, add the camphor and perfume, mix well, and pour into molds.
| II.— | Oil of almond | 16 parts |
|---|---|---|
| White wax | 4 parts | |
| Spermaceti | 4 parts | |
| Paraffine | 8 parts | |
| Camphor, powdered | 1 part | |
| Perfume, quantity sufficient. |
Dissolve the camphor in the oil by the aid of a gentle heat. Melt the solids together, remove, and let cool, but before the mixture begins to set add the camphorated oil and the perfume, mix, and pour into molds.
| III.— | Stearine (stearic acid) | 8 pounds |
|---|---|---|
| Lard | 10 pounds | |
| White wax | 5 pounds | |
| Spermaceti | 5 pounds |
Melt on a water bath in an earthen or porcelain dish; strain into a similar vessel; add a solution of 2 ounces powdered borax in 1 pound of glycerine, previously warmed, to the melted substance when at the point of cooling; stir well; add camphor, 2 pounds, powdered by means of alcohol, 3 ounces; stir well and pour into molds.
CAMPHOR SUBSTITUTES IN THE PREPARATION OF CELLULOID: See Celluloid.
CAMPHOR AND RHUBARB AS A REMEDY FOR CHOLERA: See Cholera Remedies.
CAN VARNISH: See Varnishes.
CANARY-BIRD PASTE.
The following is a formula much used by German canary-bird raisers:
| Sweet almonds, blanched | 16 parts |
| Pea meal | 32 parts |
| Butter, fresh (unsalted) | 3 parts |
| Honey, quantity sufficient to make a stiff paste. | |
The ingredients are worked into a stiff paste, which is pressed through a colander or large sieve to granulate the mass. Some add to every 5 pounds, 10 or 15 grains of saffron