Gibson with Nigger. (Associated Newspapers/Rota/Shutterstock)
Gibson, Spafford, Hutchison, Deering and Taetum at Scampton. (CNP Collection/Alamy)
Bill Astell and his family on a pre-war outing in Derbyshire. (Ray Hepner)
Gibson with Dave Maltby. (CNP Collection/Alamy)
Australian crew members on leave in London after the raid. (Imperial War Museum/CH 9942)
F/Lt. Bill Astell. (Lincolnshire County Council Archives)
F/Lt. Joe McCarthy and his crew. (CNP Collection/Alamy)
P/O John Fraser at his wedding, a week before Chastise. (Cavendish Press)
F/Lt. David Shannon. (Central Press/Hulton Archive/Getty)
F/Lt. Les Munro.
The aircrew who took part in Operation Chastise. (Imperial War Museum/CH 11049)
Lancaster taking off from Scampton for Chastise. (Imperial War Museum/CH 18006)
Wreck of a 617 Squadron Lancaster on a Dutch beach. (The National Archives/AIR 20/4367)
Harris and Cochrane at the debriefing of Gibson’s crew. (CNP Collection/Alamy)
WAAF intelligence officer Fay Gillon with survivors of the raid, including Maltby, Munro, Trevor-Roper and Shannon. (Fay Gillon)
King George VI at Scampton, with Gibson and Whitworth. (CNP Collection/Alamy)
Some of the survivors of the raid: Sutherland, Kellow, O’Brien, Hobday, Johnson, Knight, Grayston.
Fred Tees, sole survivor of C-Charlie’s crash. (Tees family)
Letter from Gibson to Tees’s mother, informing her that her son is missing in action. (Tees family)
Flooding in Neheim after the raid. (Werner Buehner)
Victims of the flood in Fröndenberg.
Women attempting to salvage household goods after the Möhnekatastrophe.
Albert Speer assessing the damage at the Möhne. (akg-images/Alamy)
Reconstruction work on the Möhne. (Werner Buehner)
Harris with his wife and daughter after the war. (Imperial War Museum)
Barnes Wallis at Teddington during the filming of The Dam Busters. (SWNS)
Wallis with Michael Redgrave, who played him in The Dam Busters. (Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy)
Boffin/bofin/n.chiefly Br. informal, a scientific expert; esp. one involved in technological research [origin unknown]
Longman’s Dictionary of the English Language
‘It is proposed to use this weapon … against a large dam in Germany which, if breached, will have serious consequences in the neighbouring industrial area … The operation … will not, it is thought, prove particularly dangerous, but it will undoubtedly require skilled crews … Some training will no doubt be necessary.’
Air Vice-Marshal Robert Oxland, Bomber Command HQ, to Air Vice-Marshal Ralph Cochrane, AOC 5 Group, on 17 March 1943
‘One thing,’ said Dim, ‘if we do go and attack … one of us might possibly get a posthumous VC.’
‘Who wants that?’ said Taffy.
‘Not me,’ said one of the boys. ‘All I want is a Peace and Victory Medal.’
Most of us agreed.
Guy Gibson, Enemy Coast Ahead
After Hollywood mogul Daryl Zanuck was shown the movie The Dam Busters in 1955, he demanded disbelievingly, ‘Is that a true story?’ Yes, he was told. ‘Then why doesn’t it say so?’
RAF Ranks and Army Equivalents
Marshal of the RAF – Field-Marshal
Air Chief Marshal (ACM) – General
Air Marshal (AM) – Lieutenant-General
Air Vice-Marshal (AVM) – Major-General
Air Commodore (A/C) – Brigadier
Group-Captain (Gp. Capt.) – Colonel
Wing-Commander (W/Cdr.) – Lieutenant-Colonel
Squadron-Leader (S/Ldr.) – Major
Flight-Lieutenant (F/Lt.) – Captain
Flying Officer (F/O) – Lieutenant
Pilot Officer (P/O) – Subaltern
Flight-Sergeant (F/Sgt.) – Warrant Officer
Sergeant (Sgt.) – Sergeant
Corporal (Cpl.) – Corporal
Leading Aircraftman (LAC) – Lance-Corporal
Aircraftman (AC) – Private
Air Officer Commanding (AOC)
Ranks attributed to personnel mentioned in the text are those held at the time of incidents or conversations described.
Abbreviations Used in the Text
AOC – Air Officer Commanding
ATS – Auxiliary Territorial Service; women’s branch of the army
CAS – Chief of the Air Staff; head of the RAF
C-in-C – Commander-in-Chief
CO – Squadron commanding officer
Gee – Electronic navigation aid, detecting a grid of radio signals transmitted from the UK, fitted to all Bomber Command aircraft but jammed by the Germans over continental Europe
HCU – Heavy Conversion Unit
IFF – Identification Friend or Foe: electronic radar-pulse identification device fitted to all British aircraft
MAP – Ministry of Aircraft Production
MEW – Ministry of Economic Warfare
OTU – Operational Training Unit
RAAF – Royal Australian Air Force
RAFVR – Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
RCAF – Royal Canadian Air Force
RNZAF – Royal New Zealand Air Force
SASO – Senior Air Staff Officer; comparable to an army or divisional commander’s chief of staff
USAAF – United States Army Air Force
WAAF – Women’s Auxiliary Air Force; thus a woman serving at an RAF station would be described as a ‘Waaf’
w/op – Wireless-operator
Narrative of operations uses a twenty-four-hour clock, while the twelve-hour civilian clock is used for other timings.
Bomber Command in February 1943 comprised around two thousand aircraft including trainers – the number varied daily, and significantly fewer were immediately serviceable – of which six hundred were ‘heavies’. Each of seven operational Groups was commanded by an air vice-marshal, and contained variously five to ten squadrons. A squadron was composed of eighteen to twenty-four aircraft, confusingly led by a wing-commander, and subdivided into two or three flights, each commanded