this age,
and then the age to come.
We might call them “eras” or “periods of time”:
this age—the one we’re living in—and the age to come.
Another way of saying “life in the age to come” in Jesus’s day was to say “eternal life.” In Hebrew the phrase is olam habah.
What must I do to inherit olam habah?
This age,
and the one to come,
the one after this one.
When the wealthy man walks away from Jesus, Jesus turns to his disciples and says to them, “No one who has left home or wife or brothers or sisters or parents or children, for the sake of the kingdom of God will fail to receive many times as much in this age, and in the age to come eternal life” (Luke 18).
Now, the English word “age” here is the word aion in New Testament Greek. Aion has multiple meanings—one we’ll look at here, and another we’ll explore later. One meaning of aion refers to a period of time, as in “The spirit of the age” or “They were gone for ages.” When we use the word “age” like this, we are referring less to a precise measurement of time, like an hour or a day or a year, and more to a period or era of time. This is crucial to our understanding of the word aion, because it doesn’t mean “forever” as we think of forever. When we say “forever,” what we are generally referring to is something that will go on, year after 365-day year, never ceasing in the endless unfolding of segmented, measurable units of time, like a clock that never stops ticking. That’s not this word. The first meaning of this word aion refers to a period of time with a beginning and an end.
So according to Jesus there is this age, this aion—
the one they, and we, are living in—
and then a coming age,
also called “the world to come”
or simply “eternal life.”
Seeing the present and future in terms of two ages was not a concept or teaching that originated with Jesus. He came from a long line of prophets who had been talking about life in the age to come for hundreds of years before him. They believed that history was headed somewhere—not just their history as a tribe and nation, but the history of the entire universe—because they believed that God had not abandoned the world and that a new day, a new age, a new era was coming.
The prophet Isaiah said that in that new day
“the nations will stream to” Jerusalem,
and God will
“settle disputes for many peoples”;
people will “beat their swords into plowshares
and their spears into pruning hooks” (chap. 2).
As we would say,
peace on earth.
Isaiah said that everybody will walk
“in the light of the LORD”
and
“they will neither harm nor destroy”
in that day.
The earth, Isaiah said, will be
“filled with the knowledge of the LORD
as the waters cover the sea” (chap. 11).
He described
“a feast of rich food for all peoples”
because God will
“destroy the shroud that enfolds all peoples,
the sheet that covers all nations,
he will swallow up death forever.”
God “will wipe away the tears from all faces”;
and “remove his people’s disgrace from all the earth” (chap. 25).
The prophet Ezekiel said that people will be given
grain and fruit and crops and new hearts and new spirits (chap. 36).
The prophet Amos promised that everything will be
repaired and restored and rebuilt and
“new wine will drip from the mountains” (chap. 9).
Life in the age to come.
If this sounds like heaven on earth,
that’s because it is.
Literally.
A couple of observations about the prophets’ promises regarding life in the age to come.
First, they spoke about “all the nations.” That’s everybody. That’s all those different skin colors, languages, dialects, and accents; all those kinds of food and music; all those customs, habits, patterns, clothing, traditions, and ways of celebrating—
multiethnic,
multisensory,
multieverything.
That’s an extraordinarily complex, interconnected, and diverse reality, a reality in which individual identities aren’t lost or repressed, but embraced and celebrated. An expansive unity that goes beyond and yet fully embraces staggering levels of diversity.
A racist would be miserable in the world to come.
Second, one of the most striking aspects of the pictures the prophets used to describe this reality is how earthy it is. Wine and crops and grain and people and feasts and buildings and homes. It’s here they were talking about, this world, the one we know—but rescued, transformed, and renewed.
When Isaiah predicted that spears would become pruning hooks, that’s a reference to cultivating. Pruning and trimming and growing and paying close attention to the plants and whether they’re getting enough water and if their roots are deep enough. Soil under the fingernails, grapes being trampled under bare feet, fingers sticky from handling fresh fruit.
It’s that green stripe you get around the sole of your shoes when you mow the lawn.
Life in the age to come.
Earthy.
Third, much of their vision of life in the age to come was not new. Deep in their bones was the Genesis story of Adam and Eve, who were turned loose in a garden to name the animals and care for the earth and enjoy it.
To name is to order, to participate, to partner with God in taking the world somewhere.
“Here it is,
a big, beautiful, fascinating world,”
God says.
“Do something with it!”
For there to be new wine, someone has to crush the grapes.
For the city to be rebuilt, someone has to chop down the trees to make the beams to construct the houses.
For there to be no more war, someone has to take the sword and get it hot enough in the fire to hammer into the shape of a plow.
This participation is important, because Jesus and the prophets lived with an awareness that God has been looking for partners since the beginning, people who will take seriously their divine responsibility to care for the earth and each other in loving, sustainable ways. They centered their hopes in the God who simply does not give up on creation and the people who inhabit it. The God who is the source of all life, who works from within creation to make something new. The God who can do what humans cannot. The God who gives new spirits and new hearts and new futures.
Central to their vision of human flourishing in God’s renewed world, then, was the prophets’ announcement that a number of things that can survive in this world will not