Грамматика для написания научных статей. Ольга Мельник

the meaning of the verb. When a preposition is attached to a verb in a certain way the preposition is known as a "particle,” and the verb is known as a ’phrasal verb” or a ‘two-word verb.” Phrasal verbs are used more in conversation and informal writing; in formal and scientific writing, one-word equivalents are more common.

      1. The combination of verb + particle takes on a new idiomatic meaning, often quite far from the meaning of the verb alone.

      put off = postpone; put out = extinguish

      She put off going to the dentist.

      He put out the flames with a bucket of water.

      2. Some phrasal verbs are separable, which means that the particle can be placed after the direct object as well as before it.

      He filled out the form.

      He filled the form out.

      When the object is a pronoun, then you must use it to separate the verb + preposition phrase.

      When you want to know the meaning of a word, look up it.

      Some phrasal verbs are used with a particle and a preposition, making in effect a three-word verb. These phrasal verbs arc inseparable, which means that the direct object cannot come between the verb and the particle or preposition.

      I can't put up with that noise any longer’

      The whole office staff саmе down with the flu last winter.

      Some examples of separable phrasal verbs are.

      Task 4. Choose a preposition or particle to fit into each blank.

      1. Before she went to bed, she turned ___ the lights.

      2. I’ll write the report ___ next Tuesday. That's a promise.

      3. He is looking forward ___ seeing his nephew when he visits his sister next week.

      4. He didn’t turn _______ at work, so the meeting had to be called.

      5. When my daughter was sick, Nora’s sister offered to help look __ her.

      6. They called to congratulate him ___ winning the prize.

      7. They wanted to watch TV, so I turned it ___ immediately.

      8. He explained ___ me why I had to stay and work ___nine o’clock ___the evening.

      9. He said he thought he could rely ___ me, but then he apologized _ asking me to work late two nights in a row.

      10. However, I decided not to complain ___ the boss ___ my long working hours.

      Task 5. Choose the correct words in italics. If both options are correct, choose both

THE EDEN PROJECT

      NO, YOU'RE NOT looking at a scene (1) from/ out of a James Bond movie!

      The futuristic buildings in this photo really exist. They are part of the Eden Project – one of the most spectacular of the Millennium projects.

      The Eden Project is located (2) at/iп Cornwall, England, in a former clay pit (3) above / over 50 metres deep. It consists of several huge domes, a large open area and a visitor centre. The Eden Project functions (4) as/ like a 'storeroom' for a huge number of plants from all over the world. The two main domes store plants and trees (5) from/ for the tropical and temperate regions of the world, while the open area accommodates more local species.

      The Eden Project has many other functions (6) against/ besides that of a storeroom, however. It is a centre for education, art and science, showing us ways in (7) which/ that plants are vital to the world's existence, and promoting understanding of the delicate balance (8) between/ among using and conserving plant life. As well as (9) provide/ providing a focus both for scientific research and for education, the project includes exciting experiences for children, such as walking (10) through