ДНК. История генетической революции. Джеймс Уотсон. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Джеймс Уотсон
Издательство: Питер
Серия: New Science
Жанр произведения: Биология
Год издания: 2017
isbn: 978-5-4461-0549-6
Скачать книгу
сложным способом, https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Машина_Голдберга. – Примеч. пер.

      8

      В 1998 году, когда на смену старому экономическому порядку пришел новый, проект Вестингауза был переименован в Intel Science Talent Search. С 2015 года конкурс спонсирует компания Regeneron.

      9

      Фред Сенгер – один из немногих дважды лауреатов Нобелевской премии, и компания у него самая изысканная. Мария Кюри получила премию сначала по физике (1903), а затем по химии (1911). Джон Бардин был дважды удостоен премии по физике: сначала за открытие транзисторов (1956), а затем за исследования сверхпроводимости (1972). Лайнус Полинг в 1954 году получил премию по химии, а в 1962 году – премию мира.

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