3
Hansell (1989).
4
I am grateful to McCloskey (1992) for the quotation from Dante.
5
Wien (1990).
6
7
The editor of this book read the term in a journal article of the 1970s.
8
Vosti (1990).
9
Treynor, PC&I.
10
Judson (1979).
11
Gould (1991).
12
Vertin (1974).
13
Cootner (1964).
14
Bachelier (1900).
15
Bachelier (1900).
16
Bachelier (1900).
17
All the quotes in this paragraph are from Mandelbrot (1987).
18
Bachelier (1900).
19
Bachelier (1900).
20
Bachelier (1900).
21
Bachelier (1900).
22
Bachelier (1900).
23
Bachelier (1900).
24
Bachelier (1900).
25
Fama, PC&I.
26
Bachelier (1900).
27
Wallis (1981).
28
Wallis (1981).
29
Wallis (1981).
30
Samuelson, PC&I.
31
Samuelson (1973).
32
Wendt (1982).
33
Wendt (1982).
34
Wendt (1982).
35
Wendt (1982).
36
Wendt (1982).
37
Today, the industrials include all stocks that are not utilities, railroads, airlines, or truckers.
38
Kopcke (1989).
39
Bloom (1974).
40
Bloom (1974).
41
Bloom (1974).
42
Rhea (1935).
43
Clapesattle (1984).
44
All quotes in this paragraph from Galbraith (1972).