1
Life never stands still. Compared to other species, the rate of change in human societies has always been frenetic. Even so, the pace of change has been picking up considerably for the past 300 years. The eighteenth century saw political revolutions in Europe and in America. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries much of the world was convulsed by the rise of science and by the Industrial Revolution. The twentieth century was the bloodiest on record. It saw two World Wars, numerous regional conflicts and tumultuous revolutions in Russia and China. Overall, the twentieth century was the most murderous in human history: it’s estimated that more than 100 million people died at the hands of other human beings. It also saw extraordinary advances in science and technology and massive cultural changes, especially in the old industrial economies.
2
“No country has moved up the human development ladder without steady investment in education,” Mrs Irina Bokova, the Director-General of UNESCO, is quoted as saying at the launch of the Education for All Global Monitoring Report, Reaching the Marginalized, in January 2010. “The failure to stay competitive in the international playing field is a direct result of our failure to stay competitive in the education field,” says Jeff Beard, the Director-General of the International Baccalaureate in Geneva, Switzerland.
3
In 2010, IBM published
4
Diamond, J. (2006).
5
Friedman, T. L. (2007).
6
Abraham Lincoln, Second Annual Message to Congress, December 1, 1862.
7
Ian Pearson, British Telecom, interviewed in
8
For a brief account of the origins of the Center see Lehrer, J. (2007).
9
Kurzweil, R. (1999). Reproduced with permission.