Confinis, see Vicinus.
Confisus; Fretus. Confisus means, subjectively, like securus, depending on something, and making one’s self easy, πεποιθῶς; whereas fretus (φρακτός, ferox) means, objectively, like tutus, protected by something, ἐῤῥωμένος. (i. 20.)
Confiteri, see Fateri.
Confligere, see Pugnare.
Confutare, see Refutare.
Congeries, see Acervus.
Conjux, see Femina.
Connivere, see Concedere.
Consanguineus, see Necessarius.
Conscendere, see Scandere.
Consecrare, see Sacrare.
Consequi, see Invenire.
Conjugium; Matrimonium; Contubernium; Nuptiæ. Conjugium and matrimonium denote the lasting connection between man and wife, for the purpose of living together and bringing up their offspring; conjugium is a very general term for a mere natural regulation, which also takes place among animals; contubernium means the marriage connection between slaves; matrimonium, the legal marriage between freemen and citizens, as a respectable and a political regulation; whereas nuptiæ means only the commencement of matrimonium, the wedding, or marriage-festival.
Considerare; Contemplari. Considerare (from κατιδεῖν) denotes consideration as an act of the understanding, endeavoring to form a judgment; contemplari (from καταθαμβεῖν) an act of feeling, which is absorbed in its object, and surrenders itself entirely to the pleasant or unpleasant feeling which its object excites. (v. 130.)
Consors, see Socius.
Conspectus, Conspicere, see Videre.
Constat; Apparet; Elucet; Liquet. Constat means a truth made out and fixed, in opp. to a wavering and unsteady fancy or rumor; whereas apparet, elucet, and liquet denote what is clear and evident; apparet, under the image of something stepping out of the back-ground into sight; elucet, under the image of a light shining out of darkness; liquet, under the image of frozen water melted. (vi. 78.)
Constituere, see Destinare.
Consuetudo; Mos; Ritus; Cærimonia. Consuetudo denotes the uniform observance of anything as a custom, arising from itself, and having its foundation in the inclination or convenience of an individual or people, ἔθος; whereas mos (modus) is the habitual observance of anything, as a product of reason, and of the self-conscious will, and has its foundation in moral views, or the clear dictates of right, virtue, and decorum, ἦθος; lastly, ritus denotes the hallowed observance of anything, either implanted by nature as an instinct, or introduced by the gods as a ceremony, or which, at any rate, cannot be traced to any human origin. Consuetudines are merely factitious, and have no moral worth; mores are morally sanctioned by silent consent, as jura and leges by formal decree; ritus (from ἀριθμός, ῥυθμός), are natural, and are hallowed by their primæval origin, and are peculiar to the animal. (v. 75.) 2. Ritus is a hallowed observance, as directed and taught by the gods or by nature; whereas cærimonia (κηδεμονία) is that which is employed in the worship of the gods.
Consuevisse, see Solere.
Consummare, see Finire.
Contagium, see Lues.
Contaminare; Inquinare; Polluere. Contaminare (from contingo, contagio) means defilement in its pernicious effect, as the corruption of what is sound and useful; inquinare (from cunire, or from πίνος), in its loathsome effect, as marring what is beautiful, like μορύσσειν; polluere (from pullus, πελλός), in its moral effect, as the desecration of what is holy and pure, like μιαίνειν. Cic. Cæcil. 21, 70. Judiciis corruptis et contaminatis; compare with Cœl. 6. Libidinibus inquinari; and Rosc. Am. 26, 71. Noluerunt in mare deferri, ne ipsum pollueret, quo cætera quæ violata sunt, expiari putantur. (ii. 56.)
Contemnere, see Spernere.
Contemplari, see Considerare.
Contendere, see Dicere.
Contentio, see Disceptatio.
Contentum esse, see Satis habere.
Continentia, see Modus.
Contingere, see Accidere.
Continuo, see Repente.
Continuus; Perpetuus; Sempiternus; Æternus. 1. Continuum means that which hangs together without break or chasm; perpetuum, that which arrives at an end, without breaking off before. Suet Cæs. 76. Continuos consulatus, perpetuam dictaturam. 2. Perpetuus, sempiternus, and æternus, denote continued duration; but perpetuus, relatively, with reference to a definite end, that of life for example; sempiternus and æternus, absolutely, with reference to the end of time in general; sempiternus means, like ἀΐδιος, the everlasting, what lasts as long as time itself, and keeps pace with time; æternum (from ætas) like αἰώνιον, the eternal, that which outlasts all time, and will be measured by ages, for Tempus est pars quædam æternitatis. The sublime thought of that which is without beginning and end, lies only in æternus, not in sempiternus, for the latter word rather suggests the long duration between beginning and end, without noting that eternity has neither beginning nor end. Sempiternus involves the mathematical, æternus the metaphysical notion of eternity. Cic. Orat. ii. 40, 169. Barbarorum est in diem vivere; nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent; compare with Fin. i. 6, 17. Motum atomorum nullo a principio, sed æterno tempore intelligi convenire. (i. 1.)
Contrarius, see Varius.
Controversia, see Disceptatio.
Contubernium, see Conjugium.
Contumacia, see Pervicacia.
Contumelia; Injuria; Offensio. 1. Contumelia (from contemnere) denotes a wrong done to the honor of another; injuria, a violation of another’s right. A blow is an injuria, so far as it is the infliction of bodily harm; and a contumelia, so far as it brings on the person who receives it, the imputation of a cowardly or servile spirit. Senec. Clem. i. 10. Contumelias, quæ acerbiores principibus solent esse quam injuriæ. Pacuv. Non. Patior facile injuriam, si vacua est contumelia. Phædr. Fab. v. 3, 5. Cic. Quint. 30, 96. Verr. iii. 44. 2. Contumelia and injuria are actions, whereas offensio denotes a state, namely, the mortified feeling of the offended