49
Opening Remarks by President Obama on Open Government Partnership (September 20, 2011), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/20/opening-remarks-president-obama-open-government-partnership
50
Written Declaration pursuant to Rule 123 of the Rules of Procedure on open and collaborative government (May 9, 2012), http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-/EP//N0NSGML+WDECL+P7-DCL-2012-0019+0+D0C+PDF+V0//EN&language=EN
51
Prime Minister David Cameron, Speech at Open Government Partnership Summit (October 31, 2013), https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-speech-at-open-government-partner-ship-2013
52
Moises Naim, «Why the People in Power Are Increasingly Powerless», Washington Post, March 1, 2013, http://articles.Washington post.com/2013-03-01/opinions/37367377_1_climate-talks-presi-dent-obama-power/3
53
См. также: Tanja Aitamurto, «The Promise of Idea Crowdsourcing: Benefits, Contexts, Limitations», http://www.academia.edu/963662/The_Promise_of_Idea_Crowdsourcing_Benefits_Con-texts_Limitations
54
Sarah Rosenberg, «Restoring Pell Grants to Prisoners: Great Policy, Bad Politics» (Inform Ed blog), American Institutes for Research, November 5, 2012, http://www.quickanded.com/2012/11/restor-ing-pell-grants-to-prisoners-great-policy-bad-politics.html
55
Lois M. Davis, Robert Bozick, Jennifer L. Steele, Jessica Saunders, and Jeremy N. V. Miles, «Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults», RAND Report 2013.
56
C. Henrichson and R. Delaney, «The Price of Prisons: What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers», Center on Sentencing and Corrections, January 2012, http://www.vera.org/pubs/special/price-prisons-what-incarceration-costs-taxpayers; Partakers, «College behind Bars», http://partakers.org/site/college-behind-bars/
57
General Educational Development – тестирование по программе средней школы. – Прим. пер.
58
General Services Administration. – Прим. ред.
59
Данные на начало 2015 года. – Прим. ред.
60
Dustin Haisler, интервью с автором, September 16, 2013.
61
Mazdoor Kisan Shakthi Sangathan (MKSS India), http://www.mkssindia.org/
62
Redbridge Online Bud get Simulator, «You Choose», http://youchoose.esd.org.uk/redbridge2012
63
Data Driven и Kaggle – платформы для исследователей разных уровней, где они могут опробовать свои компетенции в анализе данных на актуальных задачах. – Прим. пер.
64
Kaggle website, http://www.kaggle.com, and Driven Data website, http://www.drivendata.org/
65
См., например: Maged N. Kamel Boulos et al., «Crowdsourcing, Citizen Sensing and Sensor Web Technologies for Public and Environmental Health Surveillance and Crisis Management: Trends, OGC Standards and Application Examples», Internal Journal of Health Geographies 10, № 67 (2011), http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1476-072X-10-67.pdf
66
Jessica McKenzie, «Can Patrick Meier’s New App Micro Mappers Completely Change the Way We Think about Clicktivism?» Tech President, September 19, 2013, http://techpresident.com/news/wegov/24356/can-patrick-meiers-new-app-micromappers-com-pletely-change-way-we-think-about-clicktivism
67
В вымышленной вселенной «Звездных войн» рыцарь-джедай – это человек или инопланетянин, от рождения имеющий сверхспособности (управление Силой). – Прим. ред.
68
Honduras Health Mapping, https://hondurashealthmapping.crowdmap.com/main; Mapa Delectivo, http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/graficos/00coberturas/mapa_delictivo/
69
Jan Behrens et al., «The Principles of Liquid Feedback» (Berlin: Interactive Demokratie, 2014).
70
Hazel Markus, «The Effect of Mere Presence on Social Facilitation: An Unobtrusive Test», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 14 (1978): 389-97. Эффект аудитории лежит в основе основной идеи «гражданского жюри», а именно созыв небольшой группы граждан, для участия или осуществления надзора над официальным процессом. См.: The Jefferson Center, «Citizen Jury», http://jefferson-center.org/how-we-work/citizen-juries/
71
Набор данных – множество элементов данных, объединенных в отдельное целое для решения определенной задачи. – Прим. ред.
72
Tether less World Constellation Web Observatory Portal, Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute (2014), http://tw.rpi.edu/web/web_observatory. Notes to Pages 14–16, 281.
73
Tom