311
Об изгнании аккадцев как “этнической чистке” см. Geoffrey Plank, An unsettled conquest. The British campaign against the peoples of Acadia (Philadelphia, 2001), pp. 140–57.
312
Quoted in H. M. Scott, The emergence of the eastern powers, 1756–1775 (Cambridge, 2001), p. 26.
313
Erich Everth, Die Öffentlichkeit in der Aussenpolitik von Karl V. bis Napoleon (Jena, 1931), pp. 355–60 (quotation p. 360).
314
D. A. Baugh, The global Seven Years War, 1754–1763. Britain and France in a great power contest (Harlow, 2011).
315
В отечественной историографии после С. М. Соловьева установилось обозначение «Клостерсевенское соглашение»: эту конвенцию подписали в Цевенском монастыре (клостере). Примеч. ред.
316
Helmut Neuhaus, ‘Das Problem der militärischen Exekutive in der spätphase des Alten Reiches’, in Johannes Kunisch (ed.), Staatsverfassung und Heeresverfassung in der europäischen Geschichte der Frühen Neuzeit (Berlin, 1986), pp. 297–346 (quotations pp. 297 and 299).
317
Philip Carter, ‘An “effeminate” or “efficient” nation? Masculinity and eighteenth century social documentary’, Textual Practice, 11 (1997), pp. 429–43 (quotation p. 429).
318
Matthew McCormack, ‘The new militia: war, politics and gender in 1750s Britain’, Gender & History, 19 (2007), pp. 483–500 (quotation p. 497).
319
Erica Charters, ‘The caring fiscal military state during the Seven Years War, 1756–1763’, Historical Journal, 52 (2009), pp. 921–41, especially pp. 937–40 (quotation p. 939).
320
H. M. Scott, ‘The decline of France and the transformation of the European states system, 1756–1792’, in Peter Krüger and Paul W. Schroeder (eds.), The transformation of European politics, 1763–1848. Episode or model in modern history? (Oxford, 1996), pp. 105–28 (Voltaire quotation p. 114).
321
John Shovlin, The political economy of virtue. Luxury, patriotism and the origins of the French Revolution (Ithaca and London, 2006), pp. 54–5.
322
Quoted in Bailey Stone, The genesis of the French Revolution. A global-historical interpretation (Cambridge, 1994), p. 55. See also T. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 (London, 1996).
323
Brendan Simms, ‘William Pitt the Elder. Strategic leadership at home and abroad during the great war for the empires (1756–1763)’, in Simms and Urbach (eds.), Die Rückkehr der ‘Grossen Männer’, pp. 29–48, especially pp. 32–4.
324
Brendan Simms, ‘Pitt and Hanover’, in Brendan Simms and Torsten Riotte (eds.), The Hanoverian dimension in British history, 1714–1837 (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 28–57 (quotation p. 55).
325
«Сомнения и вопросы» (фр.). Примеч. ред.
326
Gary Savage, ‘Favier’s heirs: the French Revolution and the secret du roi’, Historical Journal, 41 (1998), pp. 225–58.
327
Hamish Scott, ‘The Seven Years War and Europe’s ancien régime’, War in History, 18 (2011), pp. 419–55.
328
Quoted in Hugh Ragsdale, ‘Russian projects of conquest in the eighteenth century’, in Ragsdale (ed.), Imperial Russian foreign policy (Cambridge, 1993), p. 76.
329
Quoted in Externbrink, Friedrich der Grosse, p. 339.
330
О кризисе французской аристократии после Семилетней войны: William Doyle, Aristocracy and its enemies in the Age of Revolution (Oxford, 2009), pp. 57, 83 and passim.
331
Gabriel B. Paquette, Enlightenment, governance and reform in Spain and its empire, 1759–1808 (Basingstoke, 2008).
332
J. H. Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830 (New Haven and London, 2006), p. 299.
333
D. R. Murray, ‘Statistics of the slave trade to Cuba, 1790–1867’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 3, 2 (1971), pp. 131–49. I am grateful to Carrie Gibson and Felicitas Becker for very useful conversations on this subject.
334
Evelyn Powell Jennings, ‘War as the “forcing house of change”: state slavery in late-eighteenth-century Cuba’, William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, LXII (2005), 411–40.
335
Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, pp. 76 and 79.
336
Manfred Schort, Politik und Propaganda. Der Siebenjährige Krieg in den zeitgenössischen Flugschriften (Frankfurt am Main, 2006), p. 463.
337
Hans-Martin Blitz, Aus Liebe zum Vaterland. Die deutsche Nation im 18. Jahrhundert (Hamburg, 2000), pp. 160–67 (quotation p. 165).
338
Quoted in Neuhaus, ‘Das Problem der militärischen Exekutive’, p. 301.
339
‘The Instructions to the Commissioners for Composing a New Code of Laws’, Moscow, 30 July 1767, in William F. Reddaway (ed.), Documents of Catherine the Great. The correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English text of 1768 (Cambridge, 1931), pp. 216–17.
340
Quoted in Scott, Emergence of the eastern powers, p. 99.
341
Franz A. J. Szabo, Kaunitz and enlightened absolutism, 1753–1780 (Cambridge, 1994), p. 76. I am grateful to Daniel Robinson for this reference.
342
Kathleen Wilson, The sense of the people. Politics, culture and imperialism in England, 1715–1785 (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 215–16.
343
Michael