Красота физики. Постигая устройство природы. Фрэнк Вильчек. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Фрэнк Вильчек
Издательство: ""Альпина Диджитал""
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Физика
Год издания: 2015
isbn: 978-5-9614-4154-3
Скачать книгу
что знаменитый физик-теоретик Вольфганг Паули однажды раскритиковал беспомощную работу молодого ученого такими вошедшими в поговорку словами: «Это не просто неверно, это даже не дотягивает до ошибочного!» – Прим. пер.

      15

      Не во всех вирусах генетический материал представлен в виде ДНК; есть и РНК-содержащие вирусы. – Прим. ред.

      16

      Более известное название картины – «Тайная вечеря». – Прим. пер.

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