Compiler (Компилятор) is a program that translates text written in a programming language into a set of machine codes. AI framework compilers collect the computational data of the frameworks and try to optimize the code of each of them, regardless of the hardware of the accelerator. The compiler contains programs and blocks with which the framework performs several tasks. The computer memory resource allocator, for example, allocates power individually for each accelerator.
Composite AI (Композитный искусственный интеллект) is the combined application of various AI techniques to improve learning efficiency, expand the level of knowledge representation and, ultimately, to more effectively solve a wider range of business problems.
Compression (Компрессия) A method of reducing the size of computer files. There are several compression programs available, such as gzip and WinZip. [112]
Computation (Вычисление) is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that follows a well-defined model (e.g., an algorithm) [113].
Computational chemistry (Вычислительная химия) – A branch of chemistry in which mathematical methods are used to calculate molecular properties, model the behavior of molecules, plan synthesis, search databases, and process combinatorial libraries.
Computational complexity theory (Теория сложности вычислений) – Focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating these classes to each other. A computational problem is a task solved by a computer. A computation problem is solvable by mechanical application of mathematical steps, such as an algorithm [114].
Computational creativity (Also artificial creativity, mechanical creativity, creative computing, or creative computation) (Креативные вычисления) – A multidisciplinary endeavour that includes the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and the arts. [115]
Computational cybernetics (Вычислительная кибернетика) — is the integration of cybernetics and computational intelligence techniques.
Computational efficiency of an agent or a trained model (Вычислительная эффективность агента или обученной модели) is the number of computational resources required by the agent to solve a problem at the inference stage.
Computational efficiency of an intelligent system (Вычислительная эффективность интеллектуальной системы) is the amount of computing resources required to train an intelligent system with a certain level of performance on a given volume of tasks.
Computational Graphics Processing Unit (computational GPU; cGPU) (Графический процессор-вычислитель) – graphic processor-computer, GPU-computer, multi-core GPU used in hybrid supercomputers to perform parallel mathematical calculations; for example, one of the first GPUs in this category contains more than 3 billion transistors – 512 CUDA cores and up to 6 GB of memory. [116].
Computational humor (Вычислительный юмор) — A branch of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which uses computers in humor research.
Computational intelligence (CI) (Вычислительный интеллект) — Usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation [].
Computational intelligence (CI) (Вычислительный интеллект) — Usually refers to the ability of a computer to learn a specific task from data or experimental observation.
Computational learning theory (COLT) (Теория вычислительного обучения) – In computer science, computational learning theory (or just learning theory) is a subfield of artificial intelligence devoted to studying the design and analysis of machine learning algorithms [117].
Computational linguistics (Компьютерная лингвистика) – An interdisciplinary field concerned with the statistical or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective, as well as the study of appropriate computational approaches to linguistic questions.
Computational mathematics (Вычислительная математика) — is the mathematical research in areas of science where computing plays an essential role.
Computational neuroscience (Also theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) (Вычислительная нейробиология) – is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematical models, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology, and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.
Computational number theory (Also algorithmic number theory) (Вычислительная теория чисел) – The study of computational methods for researching and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry, including algorithms for checking primality and numerical factorization, finding solutions to Diophantine equations, and explicit methods in arithmetic geometry. Computational number theory has applications to cryptography, including RSA, elliptic curve cryptography, and post-quantum cryptography, and is used to investigate the hypothesis and open problem of number theory, including the Riemann hypothesis, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer hypothesis, the ABC hypothesis, the modularity hypothesis, the Sato- Tate and explicit aspects of the Langlands program.
Computational problem (Вычислительная задача) – In theoretical computer science, a computational problem is a mathematical object representing a collection of questions that computers might be able to solve [118].
Computational statistics (Also statistical computing) (Вычислительная статистика) – Computational science is the application of computer science and software engineering principles to solving scientific problems. It involves the use of computing hardware, networking, algorithms, programming, databases and other domain-specific knowledge to design simulations of physical phenomena to run on computers. Computational science crosses disciplines and can even involve the humanities.
Computer engineering (Компьютерный инжиниринг) – technologies for digital modeling and design of objects and production processes throughout the life cycle.
Computer incident (Компьютерный инцидент) is a fact of violation and (or) cessation of the operation of a critical information infrastructure object, a telecommunication network used to organize the interaction of such objects, and (or) a violation of the security of information processed by such an object, including as a result of a computer attack.
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