5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Major and trace element data for samples from the Chalupas calder...Table 5.2 Isotopic analyses of samples from the Chalupas volcanic system.Table 5.3 Major and trace element data for metamorphic basement rocks.Table 5.4 Isotopic analyses of metamorphic basement rocks.Table 5.5 Summary of analytical data resulting from incremental heating exp...Table 5.6 Representative electron microprobe analyses of Chalupas samples....Table 5.7 Major element composition of Chalupas AFT and calculated glass co...Table 5.8 Inputs for finite difference‐AFC modeling.
6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Mineral Sr‐, Nd‐, Pb‐, and O‐isotope compositions of Mauna Kea xe...Table 6.2 Average clinopyroxene major and trace element compositionsTable 6.3 Average mineral major element data (plagioclase, olivine, orthopy...Table S6.1 Clinopyroxene Major and Trace Element CompositionsTable S6.2 Olivine major element compositionsTable S6.3 Orthopyroxene major element compositionsTable S6.4 Plagioclase major element compositionsTable S6.5 Spinel major element compositions
7 Chapter 7Table 7.1a Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.1b Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.1c Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.1d Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.2a Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.2b Values of soil CO2 efflux (g/m2/d) and soil activities of 222Rn a...Table 7.3 Schematic summary of the occurrence of SGDI anomalies divided by ...Table 7.4 Values of SGDI (in dimensionless units) for the sites of the ZE‐S...Table 7.5 Values of SGDI (in dimensionless units) for the sites of the PAT ...Table 7.6 Correlation matrix for filtered SGDI values and corresponding atm...Table 7.7 Correlation matrix for filtered SGDI values and corresponding atm...
8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Isotope ratios and age results from preliminary detrital garnet a...Table 9.2 Isotope ratios and age results for both case studies utilizing ga...Table 9.3 Isotope ratios and age results from detrital garnet dating attemp...
9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Naturally occurring redox states of Cr, Se, U, Sb and Te, with e...Table 10.2 Interferences encountered during Se isotope measurement by MC‐IC...Table 10.3 Summary of Cr isotopic fractionation factors for Cr(VI) reductio...Table 10.4 Se isotope fractionations associated with various reduction reac...Table 10.5 U isotopic fractionation observed for U(VI) reduction in laborat...Table 10.6 Cr isotope fractionation induced by various oxidation reactions....
10 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Influent solute composition and isotope ratios at pH 8.2 and 25°...Table 12.2 Model scenarios.
11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 All marine mammals (extant and fossil), prey organisms, standard...Table 13.2 Bowhead whale baleen measurements for three different individual...Table 13.3 Isotopic data for common prey items, including necessary taxonom...Table 13.4 Isotopic data for non‐traditional food sources of odontocete spe...Table 13.5 List of all sample codes for specimens examined in this study fr...Table 13.6 Summary of all measurements of NIST1486 made during bone analysi...Table 13.7 Summary of all measurements of CSW (Carolina Seawater) made duri...Table 13.8 Baleen measurements for the one‐year‐old bowhead whale (2012‐B5)...
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Normalized concentration of CaO, MgO, K2O, FeO, and SiO2 measured...Figure 1.2 A schematic of the piston cylinder assembly used by Richter et al...Figure 1.3 The panels show the concentration of major oxides measured along ...Figure 1.4 Figure taken from Richter et al. (2003) showing the δ44Ca of slab...Figure 1.5 The panel on the left shows a schematic of the piston cylinder as...Figure 1.6 The upper panel on the left shows the weight % MgO measured along...Figure 1.7 The black squares in this figure show the temperature derived fro...Figure 1.8 The panel on the left shows the steady state distribution of the ...Figure 1.9 Thermal fractionation of isotopes of the listed elements in molte...Figure 1.10 Diagram showing the experimental design used to diffused lithium...Figure 1.11 The panel on the left uses black circles to show the lithium con...Figure 1.12 Lithium concentration and isotopic fractionation normalized by t...Figure 1.13 Lithium concentration data normalized by the average value in th...Figure 1.14 Results of a diffusion calculation for the evolution of the lith...Figure 1.15 Chemical concentration (open circles) and isotopic fractionation...Figure 1.16 The panel on the left shows a false color image of a Type B CAI ...Figure 1.17 The unfilled circles and squares are the isotopic fractionation ...Figure 1.18 This figure compares the correlation of the silicon and magnesiu...
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Alkali‐silica diagram showing the coordinates of the two starting...Figure 2.2 Piston‐cylinder sample assembly used for the diffusion couple exp...Figure 2.3 Major‐element diffusion profiles from two experiments lasting 2.5...Figure 2.4 Isotopic profiles from two experiments lasting 2.5 hours and 6 ho...Figure 2.5 The Zhang model and its parameters are based on the concept of el...Figure 2.6 Model behavior showing concentration, activity, and transient equ...Figure 2.7 The modified EBD model applied to the data. Top panels: SiO2 diff...Figure 2.8 β factors from this study (points with an asterisk) compared to l...Figure 2.9 The 2.5 hour run modeled using a linear dependence of CaO activit...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Maps of Central America, Eastern Africa, and Europe showing locat...Figure 3.2 Regional variations in trace element ratios along the Central Ame...Figure 3.3 Calcium isotopic composition of Central American volcanic arc mag...Figure 3.4 Ba/Th‐87Sr/86Sr (a), 143Nd/144Nd‐87Sr/86Sr (b), and 206Pb/204Pb‐8...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Physiographic map of southwest North America. Locations of < 40 M...Figure 4.2 Smoothed 2D