Biodiesel Production. Группа авторов

Flash point ASTM D 93 130 °C, min EN ISO 3679 120 °C, min Cloud point ASTM 2500 Not specified — — Sulfur content ASTM 5453 0.05% (w/w), max EN ISO 20864 10.0 mg kg⁻¹, max Carbon residue ASTM D 4530 0.050% (w/w), max EN ISO 10370 0.30% (molmol⁻¹) Cetane number ASTM D 613 47, min EN ISO 5165 51, min Sulfated ash ASTM 874 0.020% (w/w), max ISO 3987 0.02% (molmol⁻¹) Distillation temperature ASTM D 1160 360 °C, max — — Copper strip corrosion (3 h, 50 °C) ASTM D 130 No. 3, max EN ISO 2160 1 (degree of corrosion) Acid number or acid value ASTM 664 0.50 mg KOH g⁻¹, max EN 14104 0.50 mg KOH g⁻¹, max Iodine value — — EN 14111 120 gI₂·100 g⁻¹, max P content ASTM D 4951 0.001% (w/w), max EN 14107 10.0 mg kg⁻¹, max Water content ASTM D 2709 0.050% (v/v), max EN ISO 12937 500 mg kg⁻¹, max Oxidative stability — — EN 14112 6 h, min Methanol content — — EN 14110 0.20% (molmol⁻¹) Free glycerine ASTM D 6584 0.020% (w/w), max EN 14105 0.020% (molmol⁻¹), max Total glycerine ASTM D 6584 0.240% (w/w), max EN 14105 0.25% (molmol⁻¹), max Ester content — — EN 14103 96.5% (molmol⁻¹)

References

      1 1 Stephen, J.L. and Periyasamy, B. (2018). Innovative developments in biofuels production from organic waste materials: a review. Fuel 214: 623–633.

      2 2 Nayak, A., Pulidindi, I.N., and Rao, C.S. (2020). Novel strategies for glucose production from biomass using heteropoly acid catalyst. Renew. Energy 159: 215–220.

      3 3 Sovtić, N., Predrag, K.S., Bera, O.J. et al. (2020). A review of environmentally friendly rubber production using different vegetable oils. Polym. Eng. Sci. 60 (60): 1097–1117.

      4 4 Wang, A., Sudarsanam, P., Xu, Y. et al. (2020). Functionalized magnetic nanosized materials for efficient biodiesel synthesis: via acid‐base/enzyme catalysis. Green Chem. 22 (10): 2977–3012.

      5 5 Demirbas, A., Ak, N., Aslan, A., and Sen, N. (2018). Calculation of higher heating values of hydrocarbon compounds and fatty acids. Pet. Sci. Technol. 36 (11): 712–717.

      6 6 Thushari, I., Babel, S., and Samart, C. (2018). Biodiesel production in an autoclave reactor using waste palm oil and coconut coir husk derived catalyst. Renew. Energy 134: 125–134.

      7 7 Mahmudul, H.M., Hagos, F.Y., Mamat, R. et al. (2017). Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 72: 497–509.

      8 8 Singh, D., Sharma, D., Soni, S.L. et al. (2021). A comprehensive review of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil and its use as fuel in compression ignition engines: 3rd generation cleaner feedstock. J. Clean. Prod. 307: 127299.

      9 9 Abdullah, S.H.Y.S., Hanapi, N.H.M., Azid, A. et al. (2017). A review of biomass‐derived heterogeneous catalyst for a sustainable biodiesel production. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 70: 1040–1051.

      10 10 Lin, L., Cunshan, Z., Vittayapadung, S. et al. (2011). Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel. Appl. Energy 88 (4): 1020–1031.

      11 11 Ellabban, O., Abu‐Rub, H., and Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Renewable energy resources: current status, future prospects and their enabling technology. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 39: 748–764.

      12 12 Boonyuen, S., Smith, S.M., Malaithong, M. et al. (2018). Biodiesel production by a renewable catalyst from calcined Turbo jourdani (Gastropoda: Turbinidae) shells. J. Clean. Prod. 177: 925–939.

      13 13 Knothe, G. and Razon, L.F. (2017). Biodiesel fuels. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 58: 36–59.

      14 14 Takase, M., Zhao, T., Zhang, M. et al. (2015). An expatiate review of neem, jatropha, rubber and karanja as multipurpose non‐edible biodiesel resources and comparison of their fuel, engine and emission properties. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 43: 495–520.

      15 15 Gebremariam, S.N. and Marchetti, J.M. (2018). Economics of biodiesel production: review. Energy Convers. Manag. 168: 74–84.

      16 16 Chua, S.Y., Periasamy, L.A., Goh, C.M.H. et al. (2020). Biodiesel synthesis using natural solid catalyst derived from biomass waste – a review. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 81: 41–60.

      17 17 Zhang, H., Li, H., Hu, Y. et al. (2019). Advances in production of bio‐based ester fuels with heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 114: 109296.

      18 18 Konwar, L.J., Boro, J., and Deka, D. (2014). Review on latest developments in biodiesel production using carbon‐based catalysts. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 29: 546–564.

      19 19 Yaşar, F. (2020). Comparision of fuel properties of biodiesel fuels produced from different oils to determine