C. Moganapriya
and
A. Mohankumar
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 978-1-119-75060-4
Cover image: Pixabay.Com Cover design by Russell Richardson
Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines
Printed in the USA
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
In the current scenario, sustainable power generation is of crucial demand to meet our energy needs of day-to-day life. In order to overcome the energy demand, power generation through solar energy is booming. Many research works have been attempted to enhance the efficiency of collection and storage of solar energy and, as a result, numerous new materials have been developed for enhancing the performance of solar cells.
This book has compiled and broadly explored the latest developments of materials, methods and the applications of solar energy. The book is divided into 2 parts, in which first part deals with solar cell fundamentals and emerging categories and latter deals with materials, methods and application in order to fill the gap between existing technologies and practical requirements for industrial and academic researchers. The book presents detailed chapters including organic, inorganic, coating materials and collectors. It provides professionals and students with an invaluable resource on the basic principles and applications of solar energy materials and their processes.
We thank all the authors for their valuable research input and contribution. We render our sincere thanks to Scrivener–Wiley publishing team for their help with this book. We would like to thank Dr. P. Sathish Kumar for his help in proofreading the initial drafts of the chapters of the book.
R. Rajasekar C. Moganapriya A. Mohankumar September 2021
1
Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion
Manivannan Rajendran1*, Moganapriya Chinnasamy1, Suresh Muthusamy2 and Manikandan Kumaran Nair1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Due to inadequate fossil fuels in a world, there is high increasing demand for utilization of human beings and the sustainable renewable energy resources play an important role in developing and non-developing countries. However, among the numerous energy resources, solar energy is promising because of environmental eco-friendly and unlimited supply. There is immense experiment in the proper usage of solar energy as a fresh, non-polluted environment factors. The solar radiation energy mainly helps to convert in the form of electric energy and thermal energy. It is an alternative method to produce electricity in a wider range of industrial purposes as well as in some other fields such as building applications, food storage products, agricultural purposes to operate pumps, engines, motors, and various industrial appliances such as fans and refrigerators. This present study focused on the various forms of solar energy utilization and in depth of thermal applications, solar drying, and photovoltaic thermal systems related to domestic and such industrial usage.
Keywords: Collectors, heating systems, solar drying, photovoltaic, PV/T systems
1.1 Introduction
Energy usage plays a vital role in last few decades due to rapid changes in environmental conditions precisely global warming effects which lead to energy demand. Energy acts as an important role in identifying the economic development of developing nations. Eliminating those problems constantly imposes us toward alternative energy sources [1]. The World Health Organization published the statistics; there are major remarkable climatic changes in between 2030 and 2050 which cause deaths approximately 250,000 per year. Presently, 80% of conventional energy sources are reported as global energy consumption [2]. The renewable energy utilization estimated in the year 2020 is approximately 8.65%. In the year 2050, this source of energy may tend to increase around 9.82% in the energy demand. The global industrial energy consumption by fuel is shown in Table 1.1.
Renewable energy sources are free from carbon-di-oxide emission such as solar energy, tidal energy, biomass energy, and wind energy [3]. There is a higher growth in fuel prices and climatic constraints, and industrial sectors are inclined to the renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuel usages. Hence, new advanced technologies are introduced to replace conventional energy sources in industries and some other appliances also [4]. Among the various