Автор: | Catherine Westbrook |
Издательство: | John Wiley & Sons Limited |
Серия: | |
Жанр произведения: | Медицина |
Год издания: | 0 |
isbn: | 9781119759461 |
parallel to rectus muscles and parallel to optic nerve (single orbit)
left to right lateral walls of bony orbit or entire brain (optic neuritis)
foramen magnum to vertex and from occipital to the frontal lobe
Axial
perpendicular to falx cerebri (in true plane or orientated to optic nerve)
inferior margin to above superior margin of orbits
lens of eye, globe, optic nerves and chiasm
Coronal
perpendicular to optic nerve
optic chiasm to lens of the orbit
left and right lateral walls of the orbit
Paranasal sinuses
Sagittal
perpendicular to hard palate
through paranasal sinuses
foramen magnum to vertex
Axial
perpendicular to nasal septum
inferior border of maxillary sinuses to superior edge of frontal sinuses
sphenoid sinus, tip of nose and lateral borders of all paranasal sinuses
Coronal
perpendicular to hard palate
posterior portion of sphenoid sinus to tip of nose
inferior margin of maxillary sinuses to superior border of frontal sinuses
Pharynx
Sagittal
parallel to cervical spine
left to right lateral walls of pharynx
skull base to thyroid cartilage
Axial
perpendicular to cervical spine
thyroid cartilage to base of skull
soft tissues of neck
Coronal
parallel to cervical spine
posterior border of cervical cord to anterior surface of neck
skull base to sternoclavicular joints
Larynx
Sagittal
parallel to cervical spine
left to right skin surfaces of the neck
superior border of hard palate to sternoclavicular joints
Axial
parallel to vocal cords
through laryngeal cartilages and vocal cords
both lateral skin surfaces of the neck
Coronal
perpendicular to vocal cords
posterior surface of trachea to anterior surface of neck
superior border hard palate to sternoclavicular joints
Thyroid/parathyroid
Axial
perpendicular to cervical spine
through thyroid
both lateral skin surfaces of neck
Coronal
parallel to cervical spine
through thyroid
mandible to arch of the aorta
Salivary glands
Sagittal
parallel to cervical spine
left to right skin surfaces of the neck
base of the skull to hyoid bone
Axial
perpendicular to cervical spine
from superior aspect of EAM to angle of jaw or through submandibular glands
all skin surfaces of neck
Coronal
perpendicular to hard palate and nasal septum
vertebral bodies to superior alveolar process
cervical lymph node chain and skull base
TMJs
Sagittal
perpendicular to mandibular condyles and parallel to long axis of mandibular condyle
through each TMJ
both TMJs
Axial
orthogonal
through both TMJs
both TMJs
Coronal
parallel to mandibular condyles
through both TMJs
both TMJs
Cervical spine
Sagittal
parallel to long axis of spinal cord
from left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
base of skull to T2
Axial
perpendicular to spinal cord and either parallel to disc space or perpendicular to lesion
lamina below to lamina above disc
bony cervical spine and surrounding soft tissue
Coronal
parallel to long axis of spinal cord
posterior aspect of spinous processes to anterior border of vertebral bodies
base of skull to T2 and left to right borders of neck
Thoracic spine
Sagittal
parallel to the long axis of the spinal cord
from left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
C7 to conus
Axial
perpendicular to spinal cord and either parallel to disc space or perpendicular to lesion
lamina below to lamina above disc
bony thoracic spine and surrounding soft tissue
Coronal
long axis of spinal cord
posterior aspect of spinous processes to anterior border of vertebral bodies
C7 to conus
Lumbar spine
Sagittal
parallel to spinal canal
left to right lateral borders of vertebral bodies
conus to sacrum
Axial
parallel to each disc space