A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire, 2 Volume Set. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
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Жанр произведения: История
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119071655
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Map 2). It is likely, therefore, that when Cyrus the Younger passed through, any pastoral nomads that might have frequented the region in winter had long since moved north to more temperate areas in Anatolia.

      Finally, archeological and in particular archeobotanical and paleoenvironmental studies at individual sites, along with regional surveys, have contributed to our knowledge of the climate and environment of the Achaemenid Empire. Studies around Gordion, in the ancient satrapy of Phrygia, for example, point to the existence of extensive non‐deciduous forests, containing pine (Pinus sylvestris), cedar (Cedrus libani), and yew (Taxus baccata), around the site about 2500 years ago (Erinç 1978: p. 97). Deforestation of these forests only began later, accelerating during the Roman period (Brice 1978).

      It is clear from analyses of cores taken from Lakes Zeribar and Mirabad in northwestern Iran that there are few signs of climatic fluctuation in the region after about 3500 BCE (van Zeist 1967: pp. 310–311; Bottema 1986: p. 259; Jones 2013). Moreover, those indications of climatic shifts that do appear at Lake Mirabad all postdate the Achaemenid period (Griffiths et al. 2001: p. 761).