2 Chapter 2Figure A2.1 Dissolved oxygen meter.Figure A2.2 Changes in dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and pH a...Figure A2.3 Total gas pressure meter readings from a fish system showing the...Figure A2.4 A simple schematic of the nitrogen cycle.Figure A2.5 Sequential increases in ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate as the nit...
3 Chapter 3Figure A3.1 Gas exchange using an air stone (a) and a degassing tower (b)....Figure A3.2 Centrifugal pumps for water flow. There are mechanical filters (...Figure A3.3 Sock filters (a) and a rotating drum filter (b).Figure A3.4 Sand filter (a), canister filter (b), bead filter (c).Figure A3.5 Settling tank.Figure A3.6 Foam fractionator.Figure A3.7 Granular activated carbon.Figure A3.8 Undergravel filter showing the direction of water flow (blue arr...Figure A3.9 Foam/sponge filter showing the direction of water flow (blue arr...Figure A3.10 Biotower showing the direction of water flow (blue arrows) and ...Figure A3.11 Biowheel filter (a) and fluidized bed (b).Figure A3.12 A sulfur denitrification system.Figure A3.13 Algal scrubber wheels.Figure A3.14 Diagram showing ultraviolet light disinfection.Figure A3.15 Ozone disinfection system showing the ozone gas generator (a), ...Figure A3.16 Heat exchanger.Figure A3.17 Rubber bushings for mounting of pumps to minimize noise and vib...
4 Chapter 4Figure A4.1 Body condition score system for koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) and si...Figure A4.2 Body condition score system for southern stingrays (Hypanus amer...Figure A4.3 Body condition score system for reef sharks (Carcharhinus sp.) a...
5 Chapter 5Figure A5.1 Training a reticulated whipray (Himantura uarnak) to feed at a s...
6 Chapter 6Figure A6.1 Venom is found under the epithelium of the rigid fin spines in l...Figure A6.2 Plastic nets that are suitable for catching and restraining fish...Figure A6.3 Cutting/shearing teeth on a piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri).Figure A6.4 Normal eye of a squirrelfish (Holocentrus sp.).Figure A6.5 Normal gills of a koi (Cyprinus carpio koi) (a). Irregular, cong...Figure A6.6 Normal abdominal pores in a female stingray (Hypanus sp.) (*) ei...Figure A6.7 Claspers (Cl) in a male little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) with v...Figure A6.8 Obtaining a weight on a little skate (Leucoraja erinacea) under ...Figure A6.9 Measuring the total length on a sand tiger shark (Carcharias tau...Figure A6.10 External tag tied loosely onto a leafy seadragon (Phycodurus eq...Figure A6.11 Skin scrape on a sedated orangespine unicornfish (Naso lituratu...Figure A6.12 Gill biopsy being taken from a squirrelfish (Holocentrus spp.) ...Figure A6.13 Cloacal wash on a male sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus)....Figure A6.14 Sketch of venipuncture from the ventral tail vein and heart (a)...Figure A6.15 Venipuncture options in elasmobranchs: ventral tail vessel in a...Figure A6.16 Inflamed abdominal pores in a southern stingray (Hypanus americ...
7 Chapter 7Figure A7.1 Direct microscopy of a gill clip wet mount demonstrating Ichthyo...Figure A7.2 Postmortem distortion of trichodinids seen on direct microscopy ...Figure A7.3 Wet mount of an ulcerative skin lesion in a channel catfish (Ict...Figure A7.4 Wet mounts of gill clips that are well‐made with individualized ...Figure A7.5 Wet mount of a fresh gill clip (a) showing filament epithelium (...Figure A7.6 Sessile ciliates (Ambiphrya sp., arrows) and congestion in a gil...Figure A7.7 Eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) in a gill clip from a threadf...Figure A7.8 Eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) in the intestinal submucosa o...Figure A7.9 A normally occurring melanophore in a fin clip from a grass carp...Figure A7.10 Eggs of the Asian tapeworm (Schyzocotyle acheilognathi) in feca...Figure A7.11 Eimeria southwelli oocyst, with four sporocysts each containing...Figure A7.12 Impression smear of exudate from a channel catfish (Ictalurus p...Figure A7.13 Cytologic artifacts include a sample that is too thick (a); poo...Figure A7.14 In contrast to Figure A7.13f, there is good morphologic detail ...Figure A7.15 Well‐executed Gram stain showing good differentiation between p...Figure A7.16 Gram‐positive staining of microsporidian spores (a) and the pol...Figure A7.17 Mycobacteria are negatively staining, rod‐shaped spaces in the ...Figure A7.18 Acid‐fast stains also highlight microsporidian spores (a), the ...Figure A7.19 Histologic section of normal, well‐fixed kidney from an electri...Figure A7.20 Common histologic artifacts can be caused by placing too thick ...Figure A7.21 A spun PCV tube should be read at the red cell and white cell i...Figure A7.22 A hemocytometer with peripheral blood from a channel catfish (I...Figure A7.23 Peripheral blood from a southern stingray (Hypanus americanus) ...Figure A7.24 Peripheral blood from a southern