Clinical Guide to Fish Medicine. Группа авторов

21.5 22:6n3 DHA 7.6 7.6 10.8 13.8 13.3 19 8.8 11 14.5 20.2 Calculated fish fatty acid content (%) ^a 16:0 palmitic acid 1.9 0.9 4.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 18:1n9 oleic acid 2.2 0.6 2.9 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.2 18:2n6 linoleic acid 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 18:3n3 linolenic acid 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 20:5n3 EPA 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 22:6n3 DHA 1.0 0.2 1.6 1.0 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5

      All values are on an as‐fed basis.

      EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid.

      ^a Calculated fish fatty acid content represents the proportion of the fatty acids relative to total fat content.

Table A4.3 Dietary vitamin requirements for teleosts and elasmobranchs.

      Sources: Janse et al. (2004), Fernández‐Palacios et al. (2011), NRC (2011), and Hamre et al. (2013). © John Wiley & Sons.

	Juvenile teleost	Larval teleost	Broodstock teleost	Elasmobranchs
Ascorbic acid (ppm)	28 (15–54)	(25–2500)	(25–50)	(100–1100)
Biotin (ppm)	0.58 (0.06–1)			(0.1–1.5)
Choline (ppm)	811 (400–1500)			(600–3000)
Folate (ppm)	1.3 (1.0–2.0)			(5–10)
Niacin (ppm)	40 (10–150)			(20–200)
Pantothenate (ppm)	23 (10–36)			(12–50)
Pyridoxine (ppm)	7 (3–15)	Required		(3–20)
Riboflavin (ppm)	7 (4–11)			(4–20)
Thiamine (ppm)	5 (1–11)			(1–10)
Vitamin B12 (μg/kg)	35 (20–50)			(10–20)
Vitamin A (IU/kg)^a	5854 (1667–18 667)	(16 665–103 323)	(1000–4000)	(2000–2500)
Vitamin D (IU/kg)^a	820 (360–1600)	19 000	(500–2400)	2400
Vitamin E (IU/kg)^a	60		(50–190)	(30–50)
Vitamin K (mg/kg)	<10			(5–10)

      All values are on a dry matter basis and represent the mean (range) from published literature.

      ^a Vitamin conversions: vitamin A: 1 mg retinol = 3333 IU; 1 mg retinyl acetate = 2906 IU; 1 mg retinyl palmitate = 1818 IU; vitamin D: 1 μg cholecalciferol = 40 IU; vitamin E: 1 mg D‐α‐tocopherol = 1.49 IU; 1 mg D,L‐α‐tocopherol = 1.1 IU; 1 mg D‐α‐tocopheryl acetate = 1.36 IU; 1 mg D,L‐α‐tocopherol acetate = 1 IU.