Several other people encouraged, sourced texts or answered questions, and I am grateful to them all: Valentina Antoniol, Christian Abrahamsson, Edward Baring, Elisabetta Basso, Luiza Bialasiewicz, Ryan Bishop, Giuseppe Blanco, Natalie Bouchard, Kurt Borg, Neil Brenner, Chris Brooke, Sebastian Budgen, Graham Burchell, Douglas Burnham, Oliver Davis, Alfred Denker, Elgin Diaz, Klaus Dodds, ‘Ambulo Ergosum’, Mike Featherstone, Colin Gordon, G. M. Goshgarian, Kélina Gotman, Victor Gourevitch, Anna Gumucio Ramberg, Peter Gratton, Inanna Hamati-Ataya, Bernard Harcourt, Marcelo Hoffman, Richard Howard, Luke Ilott, Orazio Irrera, Scott Johnson, Gerry Kearns, Philipp Kender, Anna Krakus, Léopold Lambert, Scott Lash, Stephen Legg, Kai Frederik Lorentzen, Jeff Malpas, Eduardo Mendieta, José Luis Moreno Pestaña, Adam David Morton, Rainer Nicolaysen, Hidefumi Nishiyama, Clare O’Farrell, Gunnar Olsson, Mate Paksy, William Parkhurst, Paul Patton, ‘Petra’, Lucas Pohl, Sverre Raffnsøe, John Duke Raimo, Simon Reid-Henry, John Russell, Parastou Saberi, Philippe Sabot, Christopher Smith, Bal Sokhi-Bulley, Robert A. Tally, Cristina Vatulescu, Nick Vaughan-Williams, Pierre Vesperini, Jean-Baptiste Vuillerod, David Webb, Richard Wilson, and Andreja Zevnik.
I also thank the readers of my Progressive Geographies blog who followed this project through its development. Some resources produced during this work are available at www.progressivegeographies.com/resources/foucault-resources.
Work in this book was presented to audiences at ACCESS Europe, University of Amsterdam; Complutense University of Madrid; Institute of Historical Research, University of London; University of Sussex; Theory, Culture and Society; and University of Warwick. Planned talks at the University of Bologna, New York University and University of Oxford were unfortunately cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Late stages of the research were conducted around travel restrictions and partial lockdown, and the manuscript completed in challenging academic circumstances. For support in this, and much else, I thank Susan.
At Polity Press I am grateful to Pascal Porcheron, Ellen Macdonald-Kramer, and John Thompson, and the readers of the original proposal for their enthusiasm for my work. In particular I thank Pascal and two anonymous readers for their comments on the manuscript. Susan Beer copy-edited the text and Lisa Scholey compiled the index.
An earlier version of parts of Chapter 4 appeared as ‘Foucault as Translator of Binswanger and von Weizsäcker’ in Theory, Culture and Society. The material is reused with Sage’s permission.
Abbreviations and Archival References
Key texts are referred to by abbreviations. For books translated as a single book the French page number is given first, followed by the English after a slash. With GK and D&E the German is first, followed by the French, and, for D&E, also the English.
English titles are used for work available in translation; French for untranslated works or unpublished manuscripts, though a translation of the title is provided the first time mentioned. I have frequently modified existing translations.
With the different editions of the History of Madness, I have usually made reference to the 1972 French edition and the 2005 translation (HM), unless there is a textual issue at stake.
Texts by Foucault and others
APPVImmanuel Kant, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, Hamburg: Felix Meiner, 2000; Anthropologie du point de vue pragmatique and Introduction à l’Anthropologie, trans. Michel Foucault, Paris: Vrin, 2009; Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, trans. Robert B. Louden, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. References are to Akademie Ausgabe pagination, found in the margins of all editions.CDaniel Defert, ‘Chronologie’, DE I, 13–64; trans. Timothy O’Leary in Christopher Falzon, Timothy O’Leary and Jana Sawicki (eds) A Companion to Foucault, Oxford: Blackwell, 2013, 11–83. Defert’s shorter revised chronology appears in Œuvres.CHPhilippe Artières, Jean-François Bert, Frédéric Gros and Judith Revel (eds), Michel Foucault: Cahier L’Herne, Paris: L’Herne, 2011.DEDits et écrits 1954–1988, eds Daniel Defert and François Ewald, Paris: Gallimard, 4 vols, 1994 – with text number to allow reference to the two editions of this text and bibliographies of English translations.1 Thus ‘DE#1 I, 65–119’ means text 1, in vol. I, 65–119.D&ELudwig Binswanger, Traum und Existenz, Bern-Berlin: Gachnang and Springer, 1992; Le Rêve et l’existence, trans. Jacqueline Verdeaux, Introduction and Notes by Michel Foucault, Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1954; trans. Jacob Needleman in Dream and Existence, ed. Keith Hoeller, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1993, 81–105.DIE‘Dream, Imagination and Existence’, trans. Forrest Williams, in Dream and Existence, ed. Keith Hoeller, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1993, 29–78.DLRaymond Roussel, Paris: Gallimard, 1963; Death and the Labyrinth: The World of Raymond Roussel, trans. Charles Ruas, London: Continuum, 2004 [1986].ERoger-Pol Droit, Michel Foucault, Entretiens, Odile Jacob, Paris, 2004.EWEssential Works, eds Paul Rabinow and James Faubion, trans. Robert Hurley and others, London: Penguin, 3 vols, 1997–2000.FD1Folie et déraison: Histoire de la folie à l’âge classique, Paris: Plon, 1961. Reprinted in 1964 by Plon; abridged in 1964 as FD2.FD2Folie et déraison: Histoire de la folie à l’âge classique, Paris: UGE, 1964 (abridged edition of FD1); Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, trans. Richard Howard, London: Routledge, 1989 [1965].FLFoucault Live: Interviews 1961–1984, ed. Sylvère Lotringer, New York: Semiotext[e], 1996.FMFoucault à Münsterlingen: À l’origine de l’Histoire de la folie, eds Jean-François Bert and Elisabetta Basso, Paris: EHESS, 2015.FMT‘Foucault: Matérialité d’un travail. Entretien avec Daniel Defert par Alain Brossat, avec le concours de Philippe Chevallier’, in Orazio Irrera and Salvo Vaccaro (eds), La Pensée politique de Foucault, Paris: Kimé, 2017, 215–36; ‘Foucault: The Materiality of a Working Life – An Interview with Daniel Defert by Alain Brossat, assisted by Philippe Chevallier’, trans. Colin Gordon, Foucault Studies 21, 2016, 214–30.GAMartin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe, Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1975ff.GKViktor von Weizsäcker, Der Gestaltkreis: Theorie der Einheit von Wahrnehmen und Bewegen, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1973 [1940]; Le cycle de la structure, trans. Michel Foucault and Daniel Rocher, Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1958.HMHistoire de la folie à l’âge classique, Paris: Gallimard, 1972 (revised version of FD1 with new preface and two appendices; reissued in 1976 in Gallimard’s Tel series with same pagination but no appendices); History of Madness, trans. Jonathan Murphy and Jean Khalfa, London: Routledge, 2006.IKAImmanuel Kant, Anthropologie du point de vue pragmatique and Michel Foucault, Introduction à l’Anthropologie, Paris: Vrin, 2009; Introduction to Kant’s Anthropology, trans. Roberto Nigro and Kate Briggs, Semiotext(e), 2009.KSAFriedrich Nietzsche, Sämtliche Werke: Kritische Studienausgabe, eds Giorgio Colli and Mazzino Montinari, Berlin: de Gruyter, 15 vols, 1980.LMDLa Grande Étrangère: À propos de littérature, eds Philippe Artières, Jean-François Bert, Mathieu Potte-Bonneville and Judith Revel, Paris: EHESS, 2013; Language, Madness, Desire, trans. Robert Bonnano, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.MMPeMaladie mentale et personnalité, Paris: PUF, 1954.MMPsMaladie mentale et psychologie, Paris: PUF, 1962 (extensively revised version of MMPe); Mental Illness and Psychology, trans. Alan Sheridan, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987 [1976].ŒŒuvres, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, ed. Frédéric Gros, Paris: Gallimard, 2 vols., 2015.ODL’Ordre du discours, Paris: Gallimard, 1970; ‘The Order of Discourse’, trans. Thomas Scott-Railton in Nancy Luxon (ed.) Archives of Infamy: Foucault on State Power in the Lives of Ordinary Citizens, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2019, 141–73.PPCPolitics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings 1977–84, ed. Lawrence D. Kritzman, London: Routledge, 1990.SBDLe Beau Danger: Entretien