Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems. Группа авторов

a 1 × 8 SIW linear array in simulation, ...Figure 3.3 (a) The configuration of an 8 × 8 SIW linear array in simulation,...Figure 3.4 (a) Side view of an SIW fed cavity array antenna in LTCC substrat...Figure 3.5 (a) Side view of the multilayer SIW‐RWG transition in LTCC substr...Figure 3.6 (a) Top view of apertures on the top of Layer 1 of open‐ended cav...Figure 3.7 |S₁₁| of single element and the mutual couplings in two configura...Figure 3.8 (a) The model of parallel coupler in simulation and (b) the model...Figure 3.9 Top view of the antenna on LTCC multilayered structure of two‐ele...Figure 3.10 S‐parameters of the eight‐layered couplers. (a) Parallel coupler...Figure 3.11 Two‐element subarrays with (a) parallel coupler and (b) cross co...Figure 3.12 (a) Photograph of antenna array (left: top view, right: bottom v...Figure 3.13 The measured and simulated radiation patterns of the array anten...Figure 3.14 The measured and simulated gains of the 8 × 8 array.Figure 3.15 Configuration of the antenna array. (a) Power divider, (b) subar...Figure 3.16 (a) The cross‐section view of array in LTCC and (b) top view of ...Figure 3.17 The simulated |S₁₁| of the antenna array versus w _m.Figure 3.18 Photograph of the 4 × 4 antenna array prototype.Figure 3.19 (a) Schematic of the measurement setup and (b) photograph of AUT...Figure 3.20 (a) Measured and simulated |S₁₁| of the antenna array including ...Figure 3.21 Measured and simulated radiation patterns. (a) H‐plane and (b) E Figure 3.22 Large‐via‐fence and large‐aperture dielectric loading of antenna...Figure 3.23 Photographs of the measurement setup with a standard horn and th...Figure 3.24 Comparison of measured and simulated |S₁₁|.Figure 3.25 Comparison of measured and simulated gains as well as efficiency...Figure 3.26 Measured and simulated radiation patterns at 140 GHz (a) in H‐pl...Figure 3.27 Top view of functionality portions of antenna array operating at...Figure 3.28 The three‐dimensional schematic view of pair of the radiating sl...Figure 3.29 Simulated E _x component of pair of radiating slots with a dielect...Figure 3.30 Three‐dimensional schematic view of an E‐plane coupler.Figure 3.31 Simulated E _z component of the E‐plane coupler at 140 GHz. (a) In...Figure 3.32 Simulated S‐parameters of the E‐plane coupler. (a) Amplitude and...Figure 3.33 Photograph of the antenna array. (a) With transition (left: top ...Figure 3.34 (a) Measured and simulated |S₁₁| of the antenna array with the t...Figure 3.35 Measured and simulated radiation patterns in (a) H‐plane and (b)...Figure 3.36 Comparison of simulated amplitudes of S‐parameters of a pair of ...Figure 3.37 Comparison of distributions of simulated electric fields in LTCC...Figure 3.38 Configuration of the FZP antenna in LTCC. (a) Top view of the FZ...Figure 3.39 Photograph of the LTCC‐FZP antenna. (a) Front view and (b) back ...Figure 3.40 Measured and simulated results. (a) |S₁₁| and (b) boresight gain...Figure 3.41 Measured and simulated radiation patterns. (a) Simulated radiati...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The CRLH mushroom unit cell. (a) Simulation model, (b) equivalent...Figure 4.2 Dispersion diagram of surface waves of EBG mushroom unit cell.Figure 4.3 Configuration of the microstrip‐line‐slot fed CRLH‐mushroom anten...Figure 4.4 Dispersion diagram of the CRLH‐mushroom unit cell.Figure 4.5 Sketch of the electric field distributions at TM₁₀ and antiphase ...Figure 4.6 Simulated results of the microstrip‐line‐slot fed CRLH‐mushroom a...Figure 4.7 Simulated electric field distributions on the planes of y = 5 mm ...Figure 4.8 Impedance matching study of the microstrip‐line‐slot fed CRLH‐mus...Figure 4.9 Configuration of the SIW fed metamaterial‐mushroom antenna elemen...Figure 4.10 Transmission‐line models for estimating the resonance frequencie...Figure 4.11 Simulated phase shift between Planes A and B.Figure 4.12 Simulated results of the metamaterial‐mushroom antenna element. ...Figure 4.13 Configurations of the SIW‐slot fed patch antennas.Figure 4.14 Simulated |S₁₁| and realized gain of the SIW‐slot fed patch ante...Figure 4.15 Surface wave band gap of the mushroom structure served as an EBG...Figure 4.16 Arrangement of the general antenna elements for the mutual coupl...Figure 4.17 Mutual couplings of the antenna elements arrayed (a) in the E‐pl...Figure 4.18 Configuration of the two‐element metamaterial‐mushroom antenna s...Figure 4.19 Simulated |S₁₁| and realized boresight gain of the metamaterial‐...Figure 4.20 Geometry of the metamaterial‐mushroom antenna subarrays configur...Figure 4.21 Mutual couplings of the subarrays arrayed in (a) E‐plane, and (b...Figure 4.22 Simulated electric filed amplitude distributions at 56.5 GHz on ...Figure 4.23 Configuration of the antenna array in LTCC. (a) Top view of the ...Figure 4.24 Photographs of (a) the LTCC antenna array and (b) measurement se...Figure 4.25 (a) Measured and simulated |S₁₁| of the antenna array with the t...Figure 4.26 Measured and simulated normalized co/cross‐polarized radiation p...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Illustration of the SIW antennas integrated with RF circuits. (a)...Figure 5.2 Typical SIW slot antenna and array. (a) SIW longitudinal slot ant...Figure 5.3 Impedance matching structures in SIW. (a) Symmetry iris window, (...Figure 5.4 An SIW fed patch antenna at Q‐band [20]. (a) Circularly polarized...Figure 5.5 Input impedance (simulated by the circuit model) seen from Plane ...Figure 5.6 Reflection coefficients and power transmissions of the matched pa...Figure 5.7 Typical Substrate integrated cavities (SICs). (a) Rectangular SIC...Figure 5.8 Typical substrate integrated cavity backed single slot antenna [2...Figure 5.9 Substrate integrated cavity backed cross slot antenna [27].Figure 5.10 E‐field distribution in the substrate integrated square cavity b...Figure 5.11 S‐parameter of the circularly polarized substrate integrated cav...Figure 5.12 E‐field distribution in the substrate integrated rectangular cav...Figure 5.13 Reflection coefficient and gain of the substrate integrated rect...Figure 5.14 Hybrid‐mode rectangular SIW cavity backed slot antenna [28]. (a)...Figure 5.15 Field distributions in the SIW cavity of the hybrid‐mode rectang...Figure 5.16 Configurations of (a) triple‐resonance rectangular SIW cavity ba...Figure 5.17 Electric field distributions of the triple‐resonance SIW cavity ...Figure 5.18 Electric field distributions of the triple‐resonance SIW cavity ...Figure 5.19 (a) Input impedance and |S₁₁| and (b) gain and efficiency, for t...Figure 5.20 Electric field distributions of the proposed quad‐resonance ante...Figure 5.21 (a) Input impedance and |S₁₁| and (b) gain and efficiency, of th...Figure 5.22 Penta‐mode SIW cavity backed slot antenna [30]. (a) Geometry, (b...Figure 5.23 Electric field distributions of the penta‐mode SIW cavity backed...Figure 5.24 SIW cavity‐backed rectangular patch antenna [31]. (a) Geometry a...Figure 5.25 SIW cavity‐backed rectangular patch antenna. (a) Geometry and (b...Figure 5.26 SIW cavity‐backed rectangular patch antenna and array fed with s...Figure 5.27 |S₁₁| of the SIW cavity‐backed rectangular patch array fed with ...Figure 5.28 Geometry of the SIW‐fed printed curl element [33].Figure 5.29 Surface current distributions in the curl element at (a) 34 and ...Figure 5.30 Simulated results of the proposed element. (a) |S₁₁| and AR, (b)...Figure 5.31 Geometry of the SIW fed S‐shape dipole [34]. (a) Perspective vie...Figure 5.32 Geometry of the substrate integrated cavity fed two‐arm spiral e...Figure 5.33 Surface current distributions generated by the spiral antenna at...Figure 5.34 Gain and axial ratio of the proposed SIC‐excited CP 2 × 2 subarr...Figure 5.35 The SIW fed cavity antenna [24].Figure 5.36 Dielectric‐loaded cavity model of simplified resonator. (a) With...Figure 5.37 The first three eigenmodes and the E‐field in Planes 1, 2, and 3Figure 5.38 The equivalent circuit of the feeding structure.Figure 5.39 The simulated |S₁₁| and the normalized input impedance of the pr...Figure 5.40 The simulated E‐field distribution at 35 GHz on Planes AA′ and B...Figure 5.41 The simulated radiation patterns of the proposed antenna at 35 G...Figure 5.42 The simulated gain of the antenna.Figure 5.43 The geometry of the proposed antenna array. W _siw = 2.4, W _tsiw = ...Figure 5.44 The reflection coefficients of the proposed four‐cell antenna ar...Figure 5.45 The measured normalized radiation patterns at 35 GHz. (a) E‐plan...Figure 5.46 The geometry of the proposed 60‐GHz antenna array. W _siw = 1.5, W Figure 5.47 The simulated S‐parameters of the waveguide‐to‐SIW transition.Figure 5.48 (a) Simulated and (b) measured reflection coefficients of the pr...Figure 5.49 The measured normalized radiation patterns of the array at 58 GH...Figure 5.50 The maximum gain of the 2 × 2 antenna array.

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Division of a CBA for electromagnetic analysis.Figure 6.2 Rectangular SIW CBA fed by (a) and (b) microstrip line, (c) and (...Figure 6.3 (a) Rectangular SIW backing‐cavity and (b) circular SIW backing‐c...Figure 6.4 Rectangular SIW backing‐cavity resonances at a single mode.