10 Part II: Operations and Maintenances 10 Alarms and Faults Managements Introduction 10.1 Network Elements Alarm and Its Classifications 10.2 Sources of Abnormal Events and Alarms 10.3 Identifying Sources of Alarms from 3GPP TSs 10.4 Design and Implementation of an Alarm Management System 10.5 Alarm Due to Protocol Error 10.6 Alarm Due to Abnormal Conditions 10.7 How to Troubleshoot Protocol Error Using the Alarm Data Chapter Summary 11 Performance Measurements and Optimizations of Mobile Communications Networks Introduction 11.1 Counters for Performance Measurements and Optimizations 11.2 Performance and Optimizations Management System 11.3 Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Chapter Summary 12 Troubleshooting of Mobile Communications Networks Issues Introduction 12.1 Air Interface‐Related Issues 12.2 Debugging Issues with IP‐Based Logical Interface 12.3 Conformance Testing Issues 12.4 Interoperability Testing (IOT) Issues 12.5 Interworking Issues 12.6 Importance of Log/Traces and Its Collections 12.7 Steps for Troubleshooting Chapter Summary
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Part III: Mobile Communications Systems Development
13 Core Software Development Fundamentals
Introduction
13.1 A Brief on Software Development Fundamentals
13.2 Hardware Platforms: Embedded System, Linux Versus PC
13.3 Selecting Software Platforms and Features
13.4 Software Simulators for a Mobile Communications Network
13.5 Software Root Causes and Their Debugging
13.6 Static Code Analysis of Software
13.7 Software Architecture and Software Organization
13.8 System and Software Requirements Analysis
13.9 Software Quality: Reliability, Scalability, and Availability
Chapter Summary
14 Protocols, Protocol Stack Developments, and Testing
Introduction
14.1 Components of a 3GPP Protocol TS
14.2 3GPP Protocol Layer Structured Procedure Description
14.3 Protocol Layer Communications
14.4 Air Interface Message Format: Signaling Layer 3
14.5 Air Interface Message Format: Layer 2
14.6 RAN – CN Signaling Messages
14.7 Modes of Operation of a Protocol Layer
14.8 Example of a Protocol Primitive and PDU Definition
14.9 Example of a Protocol Layer Frame Header Definition
14.10 Examples of System Parameters
14.11 Examples of Protocol Information Elements and Its Identifier
14.12 3GPP Release Specific Changes Implementation
14.13 Examples of Protocol Messages Types
14.14 Protocol Layer Timer Handling
14.15 Protocol Layer Development Using State Machine
14.16 Protocol Layer Development Using Message Passing
14.17 Protocol Layer Data and its Types
14.18 Protocol Layer Control and Configuration
14.19 Protocol Context Information
14.20 Protocol Layer Message Padding
14.21 Device Driver Development
14.22 Guidelines for Protocol Stack/Layer Development
14.23 Software Profiling, Tools and Performance Improvement
14.24 Protocol Stack Testing and Validation
Chapter Summary
15 Deriving Requirements Specifications from a TS
Introduction
15.1 3GPP Protocol Layer Procedures
15.2 3GPP System Feature Development Requirements
15.3