Oil and Oilseed Processing. Ingrid Aguilo-Aguayo. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Ingrid Aguilo-Aguayo
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
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Жанр произведения: Техническая литература
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119575337
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et al. 2014). World area harvested with groundnuts has also increased over the last decades and is currently over 27.94 Mha. This trend is likely to continue to grow. Major groundnut producers are China, India, and the US with 17.09, 9.18, and 3.28 Mt produced in 2017. The US is one of the biggest groundnut exporters, with 0.36 Mt exported in 2016. Argentina, which was the seventh major producer during 2017, was the third major exporter during that same year with 0.29 Mt of groundnuts exported. Argentina, the US, Sudan, Senegal, and Brazil account for over 71% of total world exports (Torres et al. 2014). Other countries like Vietnam, India, and several African countries periodically enter the world market depending on market demands and their crops quality (Torres et al. 2014). Indeed, in 2016, India was the major exporter with 0.61 Mt of groundnuts exported. Moreover, major groundnut importers in 2017 were the Netherlands, China, Indonesia, and Mexico with 0.32, 0.19, 0.14, and 0.13 Mt respectively. Peanut imports into the EU, Canada, and Japan account for approximately 78% of the world's imports (Torres et al. 2014). Approximately 5.03 Mt of groundnut oil were produced in 2014, mainly in Asia (69.4%), Africa (23.8%), and the Americas (4.5%). The top five peanut oil producers are China, India, Nigeria, Myanmar, and Sudan with an approximate production of 1.87, 1.25, 0.27, 0.21, 0.15 Mt respectively.

      1.2.4 Linseed

      Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) belonging to the family Lineaceae is a blue flowering herb that produces small flat seeds, which vary from golden yellow to reddish brown and have a nutty flavor (Kajla et al. 2015). Flaxseeds, also known as linseeds, are an economically important oilseed crop used for industrial, food, and feed purposes. Generally the term flaxseed refers to the seed grown for fiber production (linen), while linseed refers to the oilseed grown for industrial and food uses. In the current chapter, both terms will be used indistinctively.

      Belgium, which imports large amounts of linseeds is one of the world's most important linseed oil producers. In 2014, 0.12 Mt of linseed oil were produced in Belgium, only surpassed by China with an annual production of 0.19 Mt third, fourth, and fifth major linseed oil producers were the US, Turkey, and Germany. Top five linseed oil exporters during 2016 were Belgium, Germany, Turkey, Kazakhstan, and Gambia. In turn, Gambia was the major linseed oil importer followed by China, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK.

      1.2.5 Maize

      Only a small amount of the maize currently cultivated is used for oil production. Total maize oil production during 2014 was 3.18 Mt, led by the US, China, Turkey, and Brazil with oil production quantities of 1.82, 0.26, 0.19, and 0.09 Mt. Major oil exporters during 2016 were the US, Turkey, and Spain with approximately 0.47, 0.05, and 0.04 Mt of oil exported. Spain was also one of the largest importers, with 0.09 Mt, only surpassed by Libya, who imported 0.10 Mt of maize oil during 2016. Overall, although human consumption of maize has remained steady over the last years, its global production has slightly but steadily increased mainly caused by an increase in its use for animal feed and for biofuel production.

      1.2.6 Olive Oil

      The olive tree (Olea europea L.) is one of the oldest known cultivated trees in the world and olive oil has become one of the most widely accepted and used oils in culinary applications. The amount of food products manufactured using olive oil increases every year. Some of these are listed in Table 1.1. Olive oil is a staple food for people living in Mediterranean countries but its use is now expanding to other parts of the world. As can be seen in Figure 1.1, the olive tree is currently being cultivated in several countries including Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia, Portugal, Turkey, Morocco, Argentina, Australia, and the US, among others. The world production of olives was approximately 20.87 Mt in 2017. Approximately 62% of the total world production of olives was carried out in Europe, with Spain, Greece, and Italy the biggest producers with 6.54, 2.72, and 2.57 Mt/year in 2017, respectively. The EU is the leading producer, consumer, and exporter of olive oil: indeed, in the last five marketing years the EU produced, consumed, and exported 67, 55, and 67% of the worlds' olive oil. The biggest non‐European producers were