The Literature of Pangermanism. Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

may be mentioned as an exponent of the school of Baltic Germans, who devoted themselves to agitation against Russia. He had an extensive knowledge of Russian affairs and was in close touch with Russian opposition circles and subversive societies. But although his persistent campaign of enlightening public opinion on the Russian danger—extending, as it did, over the years 1870–1900—brought him many eager readers, his writings cannot be said to have created or merited serious attention. His propaganda is now carried on by Theodor Schiemann, Professor of History at Berlin University, whose historical works, including his editions of Russian political and literary writers, have a considerable value in spite of their propagandist trend. During the war he has published numerous articles and pamphlets of distinctly inferior quality. In Berlin he has the reputation of being the Kaiser's confidant.

      Paul Dehn is worthy of attention as one of the younger Pangermans, who, in his two works, "Deutschland und Orient" (1884) and "Deutschland nach Osten" (1886–1890), directs the attention of his German public towards the importance of the Near East, while Hasse, Professor at Leipzig University till his death in 1913, in his "Deutsche Politik" (1907), undertakes a thorough and detailed investigation into the whole Pangerman scheme. In dealing with "real-political" arguments he pays especial attention to problems of over-population and emigration. Friedrich Lange, as revealed in his book "Reines Deutschtum" (Pure Germanism, 4th ed., 1904), is also a good specimen of the average Pangerman propagandist. He may be described as an adjutant on the staff of the great Pangerman army. It is the steady work of such men that contributes more than anything else to the volume and strength of the movement

      Thomas G. Masaryk.

      1 ↑ Among English books on Treitschke may be mentioned: (1) Treitschke; His Life and Work (1914), which contains his biography by Hausrath, and some of his essays; (2) Germany, France, Russia, and Islam (1915); (3) History of Germany during the Nineteenth Century, translated by E. and C. Paul (1916); (4) Politics, translated by Blanche Dugdale and Torben de Bille, with an introduction by the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour (1916); and (5) The Political Thoughts of H. v. Treitschke, by H. W. C. Davis (1914). But it is highly significant that Treitschke was hardly "discovered" in England till the war had actually broken out.