После смерти Олега покоренные им племена древлян восстали и отказались платить дань. Игорь их усмирил, в наказание обложив еще большими податями. Свободолюбивый народ затаил обиду. В 945 году, когда Олег со своим войском лично отправился собирать дань с древлян, он, забыв о чувстве меры, взял с них плату в двойном размере, а потом вернулся за еще большей добычей. Тогда древляне подстерегли и уничтожили княжеских дружинников, а самого князя убили. По свидетельству летописи, его привязали к двум согнутым деревьям, а затем деревья отпустили, разорвав, таким образом, тело князя надвое.
Igor was a son to the first Russian prince Rurik (Rurikovich, i. e. Rurikid), but he commenced his rule only on the death of his kinsman and warden, Oleg. Igor got his administrative experience as a vice-regent who remained in Kiev during the Oleg’s campaign against Byzantium; never made he any attempt to usurp the supreme power. In 903, Oleg chose a wife for Igor, who was Olga from Pskov.
The chroniclers did not mention any conspicuous events related to the the reign of Igor until the year 941, which was marked by his infamous campaign against Byzantium. Igor was overconfident of the success of this venture, hence careless enough to let a series of strategical fallacies. In a seabattle, the Greek managed to set Igor’s fleet afire, and the remnant of his troops was forced to return home without any trophy. Only in 944, after a new campaign against Byzantium, Rus could afford another peace treaty.
On the death of Oleg, the Drevlian tribes he conquered raised a rebellion and refused to pay the tribute. Igor suppressed the rebels, and augmented their tribute, as a punishment. The freedom-loving people harboured the resentment against him. In 945, when Oleg in person came with his men to collect the tribute from the Drevlians, he forgot the sense of proportion and taxed them twice as much, and returned for further prey afterwards. The Drevlians then ambushed and killed the prince’s retinue, as well as the prince himself. According to the chronicle, he was fastened to the two trees bent, and the trees were released, tearing the prince’s body in two.
Ольга Olga
945–954(960)
Ольга – великая русская княгиня, жена князя Игоря. Первое, что она сделала, придя к власти, – отомстила древлянам за смерть мужа. Она сожгла дотла главный их город, убила большую часть населения, а оставшихся обложила огромной данью.
Об Ольге встречается много упоминаний в летописях, но все они сильно украшены легендой, так что историки с трудом отличают правду от вымысла. Ольга считалась мудрой правительницей. Она лично объездила всю Русь, поделила ее на волости, установила определенные размеры подати для каждого города. Несколько раз она посещала Византию, поддерживая с ней дипломатические отношения.
Великая княгиня приняла христианство в Константинополе, она – первая христианка в княжеской семье. Ольга уговаривала и сына Святослава принять христианство, но тот отказался и продолжал жить в язычестве. Ольга завещала не совершать по ней тризну по языческому обряду, и после смерти в 969 году ее отпевал священник. Православная церковь княгиню Ольгу канонизировала, сделав ее первой Святой в княжеском роду.
Olga was a great Russian princess, a wife to Prince Igor. The first thing she did after coming to power was to avenge the death of her husband on the Drevlians. She burned down their capital town, killing most of the population, while on the rest of them a huge tribute was imposed.
Olga is referenced in the chronicles rather often, but the records are heavily obfuscated with legends, so that the historians are hardly able to tell the truth from the fiction. Olga was considered a wise ruler. She personally travelled all over Rus, divided the lands into townships, and established a certain amount of taxes for each town. She visited Byzantium several times, maintaining diplomatic relations with the empire.
The Grand Princess adopted Christianity in Constantinople, she was the first Christian in the princely family. Olga also tried to persuade her son Sviatoslav into becoming a Christian, but he refused and continued to live in Paganism. Olga’s will was not to arrange her funeral feast following the Pagan rite, and after her death in 969, her priest read the burial service.
The Orthodox Church beatified Princess Olga, making her the first saint in the princely kindred.
Святослав Sviatoslav
954(960)–972
Святослав