TABLE 4-6 Parts of Speech
| Part | Role | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Noun | Names a person, place, thing, or idea | Mr. Hall, lawyer, United States, suffix |
| Verb | Expresses an action or state of being | to write, to read, to eat, to play, to be |
| Adjective | Describes a noun | green, sleepy, hungry, fast, beautiful |
| Adverb | Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb | tremendously, very, cautiously, dangerously, sneakily |
| Pronoun | Replaces a noun | he, she, it, this, I, you |
| Preposition | Relates a noun or pronoun to another word | in, on, around, after, under |
| Conjunction | Connects clauses to sentences | and, but, if |
| Interjection | Expresses emotions or feelings | cool, awesome, holy cow, uh-oh, eek |
Suffixes are usually only part of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. If the ASVAB asks you to define analogous, but you don’t know what it means, you can use your knowledge of the suffix to help you rule out answers that don’t make any sense. Because the suffix -ous typically modifies nouns and turns words into adjectives, you know that the correct answer probably won’t be a noun.
(A) inclusive.
(B) danger.
(C) write.
(D) comparable.
Of those answer choices, inclusive and comparable are the only adjectives. Danger is a noun, and write is a verb. You can rule out Choices (B) and (C) to make a more educated choice — and improve your chances of answering the question correctly — if you know that the suffix -ous usually refers to adjectives. Choice (D) is correct here; analogous means comparable in certain respects, especially when it clarifies the relationship between two things that are being compared (“The relationship between a drill sergeant and a new recruit is analogous to the relationship between a hungry fish and a worm on a hook”).
(A) succeed
(B) glowing
(C) reasonable
(D) life
The underlined word, viable, describes Cameron’s option; option is a noun in this sentence, so that makes viable an adjective. Look through the answer choices and figure out what part of speech each word is. Choice (A), succeed, is a verb because it describes an action (the action of succeeding). Choice (B), glowing, is an adjective because it modifies a noun (for example, “the glowing candle”), so that’s a possible answer. Choice (C), reasonable, is also an adjective because it modifies nouns (as in, “That’s a reasonable alternative”), so that’s another option. Choice (D), life, is a noun (and it wouldn’t make any sense in this sentence), so it’s off the table.
Choices (B) and (C) are the most likely of the four to be correct. If you haven’t tried it yet, replace viable with each choice. You’ll see that Choice (C), reasonable, makes the most sense in the sentence.
If all else fails, break your word
If you’re stumped on a Word Knowledge question, you can resort to breaking apart the word (read about that in “Deconstructing words” earlier in this chapter). Even taking off a prefix or suffix can point you in the right direction, especially if you’ve studied Tables 4-2 and 4-3 and the extensive lists in Appendix C.
Predict the meanings of these words to test your skills:
Desensitize
Decode
Deplume
These words all have something in common, and it’s the prefix de-. Knowing that de- usually means “away from,” you can guess what each word will mean.
Predict the meanings of these words:
Approachable
Serviceable
Governable
The common theme with these words is the suffix -able, which typically signifies “capable of.” You can use that to your advantage when you’re taking the ASVAB, too.
Guess what! It’s okay on the ASVAB
In some cases, it’s okay to guess on the ASVAB — but only if you do it strategically.
You won’t be penalized for guessing on the paper-and-pencil version of the ASVAB (aside from choosing the wrong answers, that is). You can complete each section at your own pace within the time limits, and you’re allowed to review and change your answers in the current section. After time expires and the test proctor tells you to close your booklet, you won’t be permitted to go back to that portion of the test.
You will be penalized for guessing on the CAT-ASVAB (the computerized version of the test) that new recruits take at MEPS. If you look at the clock and start clicking random answers in a rush because you’re almost out of time for that section, your score will go down. You can take the entire CAT-ASVAB at your own pace, but you can’t review or change any answers after you’ve submitted them. You can’t go back to the beginning of the subtest after you start. If you’re running out of time, do not guess! Keep trying to answer each question to the best of your ability, using the test-taking strategies outlined in this chapter.