Nogueira Jaguaribe, J., Brasil Antigo. 1910.
Beals, C. America South (Chap. Black Ivory). 1927.
Frank, W., America Hispana, pp. 184, 188, 199. 1931.
Pierson, D. The Negro in Brazil. 1942. This recent and excellent work tells of some mixed marriages in high Brazilian life. See chapters on Miscegenation and Intermarriage.
___________
1 Burney, J., Voyage and Discovery in the South Sea, Vol. 1, p. 21. 1803.
2 Debret, J. B., Voyage pittoresque au Brésil, Vol. 2, p. 18. 1835.
3 Rocha Pombo, J. F., Historia do Brazil, Vol. 4. 1905.
4 Ramos, A., The Negro in Brazil (Chapter on Slave Insurrections in Brazil).
5 Bruce, J. G., Brazil and the Brazilians, pp. 59-60.
6 Walsh, R., Notices of Brazil, Vol. 1, p. 465. 1830.
7 Mathison, G. F., Narrative of a Visit to Brazil, in 1821-2, p. 159. 1825.
8 Robertson, J. P. & W. P., Letters on Paraguay, Vol. 1, p. 162. 1839.
9 Gardner, G., Travels in the Interior of Brazil, pp. 4-15. 1846.
10 Koster, H., Travels in Brazil, p. 426. 1816.
11 Caldcleugh, A., Travels in South America. Vol. 1. p. 75. 1825.
12 Caldcleugh, A., Vol. 2, p. 275.
13 Walsh, R., Vol. 2, pp. 155, 295. 1830.
14 Walsh, R., Vol. 2, p. 274.
15 Walsh, R., Vol. 2, p. 155.
16 Codman, J., Ten Months in Brazil, p. 153. 1872.
17 Johnston, H. H., Negro in the New World, p. 92. 1910.
Hertz says, “In Brazil a few slave-owners remarked that the mulattoes were better workers than the pure Negroes, and they at once took the necessary steps to produce them themselves. To do this they paired Negresses with white men. As many of these men revolted to see their children becoming slaves, it happened sometimes that two neighboring slave-owners gave themselves up to the purpose of procreating mulattoes for each other.” (Race and Civilization, p. 326. 1928.)
18 Burton, Sir R., Highlands of Brazil, Vol. 1, p. 271. 1869.
19 Ewbank, T., Life in Brazil, p, 283. 1856.
20 Burton, Sir R., Highlands of Brazil, Vol. 1, p. 393. 1869.
21 Koster, H., pp. 385, 391. 1816.
22 Koster, H., pp. 393-4.
23 Walsh, R., Vol. 1, p. 384. 1830.
24 Ewbank, T., p. 267. 1856.
25 Kelsey, V., Seven Keys to Brazil, p. 61. 1940. For Negro strain in Antonio Vieira, see Rogers, J. A., Sex and Race in the Old World, p. 159. 1941.
26 Gobineau, Le Comte de Gobineau au Brésil, pp. 51, 52, 73, 536. 1934. This old codger had no kindlier words for the United States. Its hordes of white immigrants displeased him immensely. “They represent,” he said, “the most varied specimens of the races of Old Europe of whom the least possible can be expected. They are the refuse of all the ages—Irish; Germans, often mixed-bloods; some French; and Italians, who outnumber the others. The mixture of all these degenerate types, gives and will continue to give, birth to new ethnic confusions. These mixtures have in them nothing Italian, Frenchman, Anglo-Saxon will amalgamate in the Southern States with the Indian, Negro, Spaniard, and Portuguese already there. From such a mixture one can imagine nothing but horrible racial results—nothing but an incoherent juxtaposition of the most degraded beings.” In short, this scornful neurotic saw no more hope for a white-skinned United States of America than he did for a brown-skinned United States of Brazil. (L’Inegalité des Races Humaines, Vol. 4, p. 313. 1853.)
27 Gobineau. ibid, Vol. 2, pp. 92-93. 1853. “Certainly,” he says, “the Negro element is indispensable for the development of the artistic genius in a race. The Negro is the human creature best endowed, is the one most energetically seized by the artistic emotion, etc., etc.”
28 Stewart, C, S., Brazil and La Plata, pp. 72-73. 1856.
29 Debret, J. B., Vol. 2, pp. 18-19. 1835.
30 Walsh, R., Vol. 2, p. 331. 1830.
31 Callcott, M., Journal of a Voyage, etc., p. 197. 1824.
32 Robertson, J. P. & W. P., Letters on Paraguay, Vol. 1, p. 160. 1839.
33 Clemenceau, G., South America of Today, p. 334, 354-55. 1911.
34 Zahm, J. A., Through South America’s Southland, pp. 40-41. 1916.
35 Bryce, Viscount, South America. See Chap. on race relations, pp. 443-450. 1914.
36 Martin, F. H., South America From a Surgeon’s Point of View, p. 201. 1922.
37 Ramos, A., The Negro in Brazil, p. 148. 1939.
Novos Estudos Afro-Brasileiros (Civilizacao Brasileira, 1937) ‘Juliano Moreira
Problema do Negro e do Mestiço no Brazil,” pp. 147-150. Also, p. 47.
Freyre, G., Sobrados e Mucambos, p. 356. 1936.
Archivos Brasileiros de Psychiatria, Neurologia e Sceincias Affins, No, 1, 1905.
38 Kidder & Fletcher. Brazil and the Brazilians, p. 185. 1857.
39 Bennett, F., Forty Years in Brazil, pp. 61-2, 1914.
40 Hale, A., The South Americans, p. 224. 1907.
41 Cooper, C. S., The Brazilians and Their Country, p. 124. 1917.
42 Nash, R., Conquest of Brazil, p. 156. 1926.
43 Calogeras, J. B., History of Brazil, p. 30. 1929. (Trans. P. A. Martin.)
44 James, P., Latin America, p. 400. 1942.
45 Codman, J., Ten Months in Brazil, p. 153. 1872.
46 Ruhl, A., The Other Americans, p. 274. 1908.
47 Zahm, J. A., Through South America’s Southland, p. 58. 1916.
48 Henri Hauser, Annales de Geographie, Vol. 47, pp. 509-14. 1938.
49 Freyre, G., Casa Grande e Senzala, pp. 197, 247. 1933. See also the chapter, “O Escravo Negro na Vida Sexual e de familia do Brasileiro,” in this book.
50 Henderson, K., Palm Groves and Humming Birds, p. 95. 1924.
51 Inman, S., Latin America, p. 59. 1937.
52 Ruhl, A., The Other Americans, p. 287. 1908.
53 Inman, S., p. 67. 1937.
53a Phylon. Vol. 3. No. 3. 1942. pp. 294-5.
54 Harding, J., I Like Brazil.
55 Warshaw, J., The New Latin America, p. 19. 1922.
56 Bennett, F., Forty Years in Brazil, p. 9. 1914.
57 Koebel, W. H., South Americans, p. 105. 1915.
58 Harding, J., pp. 42-43. 1941.
59 Quar. Jour. of Inter-American Relations. Vol. 1, pp. 69-75, 1939
60 Rogers, J. A., Sex and Race in the Old World, p. 156. 1941.
61 Pradez, C., Nouvelles