Knowledge, Culture and Society. Peter Burke. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Peter Burke
Издательство: Bookwire
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Социология
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9789587831344
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which our universities couldn’t afford. Today, things have changed a lot, as has the research landscape in our country, and, thanks to new technologies, it’s possible to access, expeditiously and at a lower cost - or even at no cost - an entire treasure of knowledge,5 due to policies of open access and virtual archives, which have been built all around the world, and to the increased use of TICs in our daily life, as Professor Burke has shown in works such as A Social History of Knowledge. I: From Gutenberg to Diderot, and A Social History of Knowledge. II: From the Encyclopaedia to Wikipedia.6

      And here we arrive at the problem that brings us together in this text: the production of knowledge, which is an intrinsic part of the culture circuit and an essential part of what defines us as a species. I understand by knowledge the whole compound of observations, descriptions, representations, practices, rationalizations, procedures, conducts, discourses, institutionalizations, and know-how, by which we humans classify the lived experience and build our world: what we call “reality”.

      When we speak of symbolism, we speak of an autonomous cognitive dispositive that participates in the constitution of knowledge (of all kinds) and in memory functioning. It is this human learning ability that determines cultural variability. Sperber classifies cultural knowledge in three types:

      1. Explicit knowledge: the one explicitly imparted.

      2. Tacit knowledge:

      a. It can never be acquired by a simple register;

      b. It must be reconstructed by each individual;

      c. It is direct proof of specific learning abilities, of a qualitatively determined creative competence.

      3. Implicit and unconscious knowledge: when those who hold tacit knowledge are able to make it explicit.