Disagreements of the Jurists. al-Qadi al-Nu'man

(ed.), Medieval Ismaʿili History and Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 117–43; Sumaiya A. ‎Hamdani, ‎Between Revolution and State: The Path to Fatimid Statehood. Qadi al-Nuʿman and the Construction of Fatimid Legitimacy (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006); Agostino Cilardo, The Early History of Ismaili Jurisprudence: Law under the Fatimids. A critical edition of the Arabic text and English translation of al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān’s Minhāj al-farāʾiḍ (London: I. B. Tauris, 2012), 5–42. 3 Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Taghrībirdī, al-Nujūm al-zāhirah fī mulūk Miṣr wa-l-Qāhirah, 16 vols. (Cairo: al-Hayʾah al-Miṣriyyah al-ʿĀmmah, 1963–71), 4:106–7. 4 Cilardo, The Early History of Ismaili Jurisprudence, 18. 5 It is also possible that al-Nuʿmān’s father was dissimulating, using adherence to the Ḥanafī legal madhhab as a cover for secret adherence to Ismaʿili Shiʿism. 6 Hamdani, Between Revolution and State, 46–48; Ismail K. Poonawala, “Al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān and Ismaʿili Jurisprudence,” in Farhad Daftary (ed.), Medieval Ismaʿili History and Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 119–20. 7 Madelung, “The Sources of Ismāʿīlī Law”, 29–40. 8 Kitāb al-Īḍāḥ, ed. Muḥammad Kāẓim Raḥmatī (Beirut: Muʾassasat al-Aʿlamī, 2007). 9 Kitāb al-Iqtiṣār, ed. Muḥammad Wāḥid Mīrzā (Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1957); ed. Tāmir ʿĀrif (Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1996). 10 Al-Urjūzah al-mukhtārah, ed. Ismail Kurbanhusayn Poonawala (Montreal: Islamic Studies Institute, McGill University, 1970). 11 Cilardo, The Early History of Ismaili Jurisprudence, 29–33. 12 Introduction to al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān, The Pillars of Islam (Daʿāʾim al-Islam): Vol. I. Acts of Devotion and Religious Observances, trans. A. A. A. Fyzee and Ismail Poonawala (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), v. Hamdani reports that the dates 347/958 and 349/960 have been suggested. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State, 64. 13 Poonawalla, “Ismāʿīlī Jurisprudence” , 123–24. 14 al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān, The Epistle of the Eloquent Clarification Concerning the Refutation of Ibn Qutaybah, ed. Avraham Hakim (Leiden: Brill, 2012). 15 Hakim, Introduction to Al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān, The Epistle of Eloquent Clarification, 4–6. 16 Al-Shāfiʿī’s Risālah has been translated in the Library of Arabic Literature as The Epistle on Legal Theory, ed. and trans. Joseph E. Lowry (New York: NYU Press, 2013). 17 Poonawala, “Ismāʿīlī Jurisprudence”, 127. 18 The Pillars of Islam (Daʿāʾim al-Islam): Vol. I. Acts of Devotion and Religious Observances, Vol. II. Laws Pertaining to Human Intercourse, by al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān, trans. A. A. A. Fyzee, completely revised and annotated by Ismail Poonawala (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002–4). 19 Ibn Shahrāshūb, Maʿālim al-ʿulamāʾ, 161. 20 Poonawala, “al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān’s Works and the Sources” , 114–15. 21 Muḥsin al-Amīn, Aʿyān al-shīʿah, 10 vols. (Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1984), 10:223–24. 22 Ismail K. Poonawala, “A Reconsideration of al-Qāḍī al-Nuʿmān’s Madhhab,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 37 (1974): 572–79, esp. 572; Madelung, Review of Sumaiya A. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State, in Journal of Islamic Studies 18 (2007): 421–22. 23 A. A. A. Fyzee, “Shiʿi Legal Theories”, in Majid Khadduri and Herbert J. Liebesny, Law in the Middle East, Vol. 1 (Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute, 1955), 124–27. 24 A. A. A. Fyzee, Compendium of Fatimid Law (Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1969), xxvii-xxx. 25 Shamoon T. Lokhandwalla, The Origins of Ismaili Law, D. Phil. thesis, Faculty of Oriental Studies, University of Oxford, 1951. 26 Hamdani, Between Revolution and State, 84–86. 27 Cilardo, The Early History of Ismaili Jurisprudence, 22–24. 28 Hamdani, Between Revolution and State, 85.