Adhesives for Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials. R. N. Kumar

5.7 Curing of Phenolic Resin References Chapter 6: Resorcinol–Formaldehyde Resins and Hydroxymethyl Resorcinol (HMR and n-HMR) 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Reaction between Resorcinol and Formaldehyde 6.3 Comparison between Resorcinol and Phenol 6.4 Reactive Positions and Types of Linkages Comparison between Resorcinol and Phenol 6.5 Hydroxymethyl Resorcinol 6.6 Novolak-Based HMR 6.7 Bonding Mechanism Using HMR 6.8 Applications of HMR and n-HMR 6.9 Special Adhesives of Reduced Resorcinol Content References Chapter 7: Polyurethane Adhesives 7.1 Introduction 7.2 History 7.3 Reactions of Isocyanates 7.4 Raw Materials 7.5 Catalysts 7.6 Blocked Isocyanates 7.7 Advantages of pMDI 7.8 PU Adhesive–Wood Interaction 7.9 PU–UF Hybrid Adhesives 7.10 PU–PF Hybrid Adhesives 7.11 EMDI-Based Adhesives 7.12 Emulsion Polymer Isocyanate (EPI) Adhesive 7.13 Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes and Biobased PU Adhesives References Chapter 8: Wood Surface Inactivation (Thermal) 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Causes and Sources of Inactivation 8.3 Mechanisms of Inactivation 8.4 Factors Affecting Wood Surface Inactivation 8.5 Physical Mechanisms of Inactivation 8.6 Chemical Mechanisms of Inactivation References Chapter 9: Wood Surface Inactivation Due to Extractives 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Migration of Extractives to the Wood Surface 9.3 Influence of Extractives on Bonding Properties of Wood 9.4 Effect of pH of Wood on the Adhesion 9.5 Effect of Extractive Migrations during Kiln Seasoning on Adhesion 9.6 Methods to Reduce the Influence of Extractives on Wood Adhesion References Chapter 10: Surface Modification of Wood 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Surface Modification Methods 10.3 Enzymatic Modification for Hydrophobicity 10.4 Modification of Wood Surface by Chemical Treatment—Functionalization of Wood 10.5 Sol–Gel Method References Chapter 11: The Chemistry of Condensed Tannins 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Reactions of Condensed Flavonoid Tannins 11.3 Conclusions References Chapter 12: Thermosetting Adhesives Based on Bio-Resources for Lignocellulosic Composites 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Tannin Adhesives 12.3 Lignin Adhesives 12.4 Protein Adhesives 12.5 Carbohydrate Adhesives 12.6 Unsaturated Oil Adhesives 12.7 Wood Welding without Adhesives 12.8 Conclusions References Chapter 13: Environmental Aspects of Adhesives—Emission of Formaldehyde 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Scientific Analysis of the Problem 13.3 Factors Affecting the Amount of Formaldehyde Emission 13.4 Exposure 13.5 Safe Level of Formaldehyde Exposure 13.6 Evolution of Formaldehyde Emission Standards 13.7 CARB Green Adhesive Formaldehyde Emission Standards 13.8 Japanese JIS/JAS Formaldehyde Adhesive Emission Standards [21–23] 13.9 European Formaldehyde Emission Standards [24–33] Скачать книгу