11 Chapter 11FIGURE 11.1 Patent activity from 1990 to 2014 of various industrial polyuret...FIGURE 11.2 Distribution of patents from 1990 to 2014 filed on biomedical us...FIGURE 11.3 Patent activity for Medtronic plc for 1994–2013 by (a) technolog...FIGURE 11.4 Patent activity for Bayer AG for 1994–2013 by (a) technology seg...FIGURE 11.5 Number of patents filed in the Chinese language from 1991 to 201...FIGURE 11.6 Structure of lactic acid and the derived biorenewable and biodeg...FIGURE 11.7 Copolymer of polycaprolactone and polylactic acid, as might be p...FIGURE 11.8 Preparation of a polyester–anilide and subsequent conversion to ...FIGURE 11.9 Structure of the polyamine lysine and the derived biodegradable ...FIGURE 11.10 Simplified process flow for making medical films such as examin...FIGURE 11.11 Ratio of published patents to journal articles in 2014–2019 on ...FIGURE 11.12 Analysis of open literature (English language only) topics wher...FIGURE 11.13 Analysis of the patent literature (USA only) subject matter whe...
12 Chapter 12FIGURE 12.1 Growth in public documents exploring or protecting the productio...FIGURE 12.2 Patent activity of top filers of polycyclic carbonate to polyure...FIGURE 12.3 (a) Activity intensity of research on the production of polyuret...FIGURE 12.4 (a) A nonisocyanate‐containing final product with reactive end g...FIGURE 12.5 Direct transformation of polyoxirane (epoxy) to a polycyclic car...FIGURE 12.6 Illustrative reaction of a polycyclic carbonate with a polyamine...FIGURE 12.7 Illustrative reaction of aziridine with super critical CO2 to ma...FIGURE 12.8 Two potential mechanisms for formation of the polyurethane–amine...FIGURE 12.9 Conversion of amine to carbamate by reaction with CO2 and subseq...FIGURE 12.10 Reaction of an amine with CO2 to make urethane via an ‐onium sa...FIGURE 12.11 Reaction of amine with CO2 to form urethane using Mitsunobu rea...FIGURE 12.12 Reaction of urea and methanol to form methyl carbamate.FIGURE 12.13 Reaction of methyl carbamate and formaldehyde to make the hemia...FIGURE 12.14 Reaction of a polyol with methyl carbamate or urea to produce a...FIGURE 12.15 Reaction of a dimethyl ester with hydroxylamine hydrochloride t...FIGURE 12.16 Reaction of the polyhydroxamic acid with dimethyl carbonate, re...FIGURE 12.17 Illustrative reaction of a hydroxylamine and diphenyl carbonate...FIGURE 12.18 Direct reaction of ethanolamine and carbon dioxide to form oxaz...
13 Chapter 13FIGURE 13.1 Growth in total documents where the primary focus of the work is...FIGURE 13.2 Documents (both patent and open literature) where the subject is...FIGURE 13.3 Distribution of polymers networked or copolymerized with polyure...FIGURE 13.4 Relative importance of polyurethane IPN and copolymer hybrid app...FIGURE 13.5 Possible rearrangement during utilization of glycidol to compati...FIGURE 13.6 Reaction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with a diphenolic fo...FIGURE 13.7 Hydrolysis of a diketamine to produce the latent amine, which ca...FIGURE 13.8 Reaction pathway to produce methoxysilanes grafted onto a polyol...FIGURE 13.9 Hydrolysis of alkoxysilanes for cross‐linked network formation....FIGURE 13.10 An isocyanato‐alkoxysilane for forming a polyurethane–silicone ...FIGURE 13.11 Reaction scheme for preparation of a polyurethane–PDMS diblock ...FIGURE 13.12 A reaction scheme for making a polyurethane–PDMS hybrid using p...FIGURE 13.13 An illustration of a POSS structure and examples of the kinds o...FIGURE 13.14 Structure of maleic anhydride‐modified polyethylene and its rea...FIGURE 13.15 Transmission electron micrograph of maleic anhydride polyethyle...FIGURE 13.16 A polyurethane and polyester backbone in position to facilitate...FIGURE 13.17 Atomic force microscopy showing the very high dispersion of pol...
14 Chapter 14FIGURE 14.1 Environmental fate of consumer waste in (a) the USA for 2017FIGURE 14.2 Total number of documents produced for 2000–2019 on the subject ...FIGURE 14.3 Analysis of documents detailing the mode of recycle in all langu...FIGURE 14.4 Language of document publication for those in Figure 14.3.FIGURE 14.5 Companies patenting, and their number of patents, for 2010–2019 ...FIGURE 14.6 Simplified classification of manner of polyurethane recycle.FIGURE 14.7 Chemistry of glycolysis. The large desirable polyol moiety is su...FIGURE 14.8 Chemistry of hydrolysis. The large desirable polyol moiety is su...FIGURE 14.9 Chemistry of aminolysis. The large desirable polyol moiety is su...FIGURE 14.10 Chemistry of acidolysis. The dicarboxylic acid progressively de...FIGURE 14.11 Polyurethane decomposition reactions occurring between 200 °C a...
Guide
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2 Table of Contents
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