Black Liberation and Socialism. Ahmed Shawki

Negro slave was not merely a matter of 200,000 Black soldiers and perhaps 300,000 other Black laborers, servants, spies and helpers. Back of this half million stood 3 1/2 million more. Without their labor the South would starve. With arms in their hands, Negroes would form a fighting force which could replace every single Northern white soldier fighting listlessly and against his will with a Black man fighting for freedom.33

      The surrender of Southern forces in 1865 spelled the end of slavery. But another war broke out, North and South, to determine the position freed Blacks would now occupy.