Control in an Age of Empowerment. Robert Simons

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      CONTROL IN AN AGE

      OF EMPOWERMENT

      Harvard Business Review

       CLASSICS

      CONTROL IN AN AGE

      OF EMPOWERMENT

      Robert Simons

      Harvard Business Press

      Boston, Massachusetts

      Copyright 2008 Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation

      Originally published in Harvard Business Review in March 1995 and April 2000.

      Reprint #95211

      All rights reserved

      Printed in the United States of America

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      No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), without the prior permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be directed to [email protected], or mailed to Permissions, Harvard Business School Publishing, 60 Harvard Way, Boston, Massachusetts 02163.

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Simons, Robert.

      Control in an age of empowerment / Robert Simons.

      p. cm. – (Harvard business review classics)

      ISBN 978-1-4221-2672-1

      1. Span of control. 2. Management. I. Title.

      HD50.S56 2008

      658.4–dc22

      2008017538

      The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Publications and Documents in Libraries and Archives Z39.48-1992.

      THE

      HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW

      CLASSICS SERIES

      Since 1922, Harvard Business Review has been a leading source of breakthrough ideas in management practice–many of which still speak to and influence us today. The HBR Classics series now offers you the opportunity to make these seminal pieces a part of your permanent management library. Each volume contains a groundbreaking idea that has shaped best practices and inspired countless managers around the world–and will change how you think about the business world today.

      CONTROL IN AN AGE

      OF EMPOWERMENT