Dylan's Visions of Sin. Christopher Ricks. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Christopher Ricks
Издательство: Ingram
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Жанр произведения: Музыка, балет
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9780857862020
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it, might envy incite? Why, pride. My position and my place. Pride in being envied, even sometimes (and this is the very bad bit) if it is being envied by creeps. And then pride’s further pleasure: contempt for the envious flatterers. But Dylan does not flatter himself – again, not a biographical point but an artistic accomplishment. He can be proud of the song, not least because he is not proud in it.

       Blind Willie McTell

      Gratitude to a fellow-singer, no less than in Song to Woody (1962), is the life of Blind Willie McTell (1983), of which the burden is both a happy refrain and the possibility of an unhappy weight, the burden that would be envy, were it not that the song goes free from it.

      Song to Woody had acknowledged something without sounding as though this were only conceding or admitting, let alone grudgingly admitting:

      Hey, Woody Guthrie, but I know that you know

      All the things that I’m a-sayin’ an’ a-many times more

      That I’m saying and that I’m singing. It may cost a singer a good deal to say this unenviously about another singer, but the cost is gladly paid by a solvent artist, for it is not so much paid as repaid, and is a debt of honour. And gratitude doesn’t run to ingratiation. The refrain of Blind Willie McTell is likewise happy to do some acknowledging. The earlier “I know that you know” becomes this:

      And I know no one can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      This might sound negative, know no (no, no), but then that is how to convey that nothing could be more positive. Or more compacted (I know that no one can, and I know no one who can). Gratitude is called upon and called for, as it is in the warning voice (O . . . no . . . know . . . know . . . no) above Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost:

      Sleep on,

      Blest pair; and O yet happiest if ye seek

      No happier state, and know to know no more.

      (IV, 773–5)

      After Guthrie in Dylan’s creative life, though before Guthrie historically, there comes – welcomed – a new arrival who is a newer rival. The rivalry has its chivalry.

      BLIND WILLIE McTELL

      Seen the arrow on the doorpost

      Saying, this land is condemned

      All the way from New Orleans

      To Jerusalem

      I traveled through East Texas

      Where many martyrs fell

      And I know no one can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      Well, I heard that hoot owl singing

      As they were taking down the tents

      The stars above the barren trees

      Was his only audience

      Them charcoal gypsy maidens

      Can strut their feathers well

      But nobody can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      See them big plantations burning

      Hear the cracking of the whips

      Smell that sweet magnolia blooming

      See the ghosts of slavery ships

      I can hear them tribes a-moaning

      Hear the undertaker’s bell

      Nobody can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      There’s a woman by the river

      With some fine young handsome man

      He’s dressed up like a squire

      Bootlegged whiskey in his hand

      There’s a chain gang on the highway

      I can hear them rebels yell

      And I know no one can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      Well, God is in his heaven

      And we all want what’s his

      But power and greed and corruptible seed

      Seem to be all that there is

      I’m gazing out the window

      Of the St. James Hotel

      And I know no one can sing the blues

      Like Blind Willie McTell

      There is a road that runs for twenty years from the one travelling song, Song to Woody, to the other, Blind Willie McTell. Take, for instance, Dylan’s sequence “This land is”, moving on to “from New Orleans / To Jerusalem”. Guthrie didn’t own the franchise on this sequence of words, but it has a way of summoning him. This Land is Your Land was his.93

      The land is your land, this land is my land

      From California to the New York island

      Dylan puts his own grim spin on this by having the phrase “This land is” be consummated not by “your land” but by “condemned”. It is a withering word, once you think of how much it might compact: “condemned” as blamed, censured, judicially sentenced, doomed by fate to some condition, pronounced officially to be unfit for use (we often hear of a house as being condemned, but a land?), or – and this is an odd twist – just the opposite, not unfit for use but so fit for use that the government claims the right to take it over: to pronounce judicially (land etc.) as converted or convertible to public use. (“The condemnation of private lands for a highway, a railroad, a public park, etc.”) All these might be seething in the word “condemned”, and so perhaps – since the train of thought is “Seen the arrow on the doorpost / Saying, this land is condemned” – might be the application to “a door or window: to close or block up”. Henry James, Portrait of a Lady: “the door that had been condemned, and that was fastened by bolts”.

      “This land” was all the more Woody Guthrie’s because not his alone. Behind it there is an inheritance that is respected in Blind Willie McTell, too. The phrase “this land” has its own substantial entry in Cruden’s Concordance to the Bible, and the phrase’s being more than a casual pointer in Dylan’s song will be clear if we recall the word in whose company “this land” repeatedly appears in the Bible: “Unto thy seed will I give this land” (Genesis 12:7, repeated in 24:7); “Unto thy seed have I given this land” (Genesis 15:18); “I will multiply your seed as the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken of I will give unto your seed” (Exodus 32:13). “The stars” rise in Dylan’s second verse, but the song then bides its time, and it is not until the final verse that “this land” meets the word that is sown so often in its vicinity: “seed”.

      But power and greed and corruptible seed

      Seem to be all that there is

      The indeflectible internal rhyme greed / seed then has “seed” succeeded immediately by “Seem” rounding the corner of the line, and this with a two-edged effect, compounding the insistence (clinched by this assonance and consonance) and yet at the same time mitigating it. For to give emphasis to “Seem” must be to hold open some hope. This final verse does not say that power and greed and corruptible seed are all that there is. Only (only!) that they seem to be all that there is. At which point one realizes the conjunction of the Old Testament’s “this land” and “seed” with the New Testament’s offering its hope: “being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever” (the First Epistle of Peter 1:23). So the song’s “corruptible seed” cannot but call up the affirmation that makes divine sense of it by antithesis: “not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible,