46 Jeffrey Nedoroscik, The City of the Dead: A History of Cairo’s Cemetary Communities, Westport 1997, p. 43.
47 Max Rodenbeck, Cairo: The City Victorious, New York 1999, pp. 158–59.
48 See Nandini Gooptu, The Politics of the Urban Poor in Early Twentieth-Century India, Cambridge (UK) 2001, pp. 91–102.
49 Alain Jacquemin, Urban Development and New Towns in the Third World: Lessons from the New Bombay Experience, Aldershot 1999, p. 89.
50 Geert Gusters, “Inner-city Rental Housing in Lima,”Cities 18:1 (2001), p. 252.
51 Ibid, p. 254.
52 Mariana Fix, Pedro Arantes, and Giselle Tanaka, São Paulo, UN-Habitat Case Study, London 2003.
53 David Keeling, Buenos Aires: Global Dreams, Local Crisis, Chichester 1996, p. 100.
54 Michael Edwards, “Rental Housing and the Urban Poor” in Philip Amis and Peter Lloyd (eds), Housing Africa’s Urban Poor, Manchester 1990, p. 263.
55 A. Graham Tipple and David Korboe, “Housing Poverty in Ghana,” in Aldrich and Sandhu, pp. 359–61.
56 Alan Smart, Making Room: Squatter Clearance in Hong Kong, Hong Kong 1992,p. 63.
57 Seong-Kyu Ha, “The Urban Poor, Rental Accomodation, Housing Policy in Korea,”Cities 19:3 (2002), pp. 197–98.
58 Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, “Building an Urban Poor People’s Movement in Phnom Penh, Cambodia,”Environment and Urbanization 12:2 (October 2001) p. 63; Soliman, p. 119.
59 Bruce Taylor, “Hong Kong’s Floating Settlements,” in Carl Patton (ed.), Spontaneous Shelter, Philadelphia 1988, p. 198.
60 Minar Pimple and Lysa John, “Security of Tenure: Mumbai’s Experience,” in Durand-Lasserve and Royston (eds), Holding Their Ground: Secure Land Tenure for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries, London 2002, p. 78.
61 Jacquemin, p. 90.
62 Frederic Thomas, Calcutta Poor: Elegies on a City Above Pretense, Armonk (NY) 1997, pp. 47, 136.
63 Erhard Berner, “Learning from informal markets,” in David Westendorff and Deborah Eade (eds), Development and Cities, Oxford 2002, p. 233.
64 Amy Otchet, “Lagos: The survival of the determined.”UNESCO Courier, 1999.
65 Galal Eltayeb, Khartoum, UN-Habitat Case Studies, London 2003, p. 2.
66 K. Sivaramakrishnan, “Urban Governance: Changing Realities,” in Michael Cohen et al. (eds), Preparing for the Urban Future: Global Pressures and Local Forces, Washington D.C. 1997, p. 229.
67 Ça
68 Berner, Defending a Place, pp. 236–37.
69 Kenneth Karst, Murray and Audrey Schwartz, The Evolution of Law in the Barrios of Caracas, Los Angeles 1973, pp. 6–7.
70 Latife Tekin, Berji Kristin: Tales from the Garbage Hills, London 1996 (published in Turkey in 1984).
71 Asef Bayat, “Un-civil society: The politics of the ‘informal people’”, Third World Quarterly 18:1 (1997), pp. 56–57.
72 Eileen Stillwaggon, Stunted Lives, Stagnant Economies, New Brunswick 1998, p. 67.
73 Keeling, pp. 102–05.
74 Paul Baross, “Sequencing land development: The price implications of legal and illegal settlement growth,” in Paul Baross and Jan van der Linden (eds), The Transformation of Land Supply Systems in Third World Cities, Aldershot 1990, p. 69.
75 Rakesh Mohan, Understanding the Developing Metropolis, World Bank, New York 1994, pp. 152–53.
76 Keeling, pp. 107–08.
77 On Triads’ control of squatting, see Alan Smart, Making Room: Squatter Clearance in Hong Kong, Hong Kong 1992, p. 114.
78 Akhtar Hameed Khan, Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences and Reflections, Karachi 1996, p. 72.
79 Urban Resource Center, “Urban Poverty and Transport: A case study from Karachi,”Environment and Urbanization 13:1 (April 2001), p. 224.
80 Paul Baross and Jan van der Linden, “Introduction,” in Baross and van der Linden, pp. 2–7.
81 Ayse Yonder, “Implications of Double Standards in Housing Policy: Development of Informal Settlements in Istanbul,” in Edesio Fernandes and Ann Varley (eds), Illegal Cities: Law and Urban Change in Developing Countries, London 1998,p. 62.
82 Philip Amis, “Commercialized Rental Housing in Nairobi,” in Carl Patton (ed.), Spontaneous Shelter, Philadelphia 1988, pp. 240, 242.
83 Marianne Fay and Anna Wellenstein, “Keeping a Roof over One’s Head,” in Fay (ed.), The Urban Poor in Latin America, Washington D.C. 2005, p. 92.
84 Rigg, p. 143.
85 Soliman, A Possible Way Out, p. 97.
86 Alan Gilbert, In Search of a Home: Rental and Shared Housing in Latin America, Tucson 1993, p. 4.
87 Eckstein, pp. 60, 235–38.
88 Alain Durand-Lasserve and Lauren Royston, “International Trends and Country Contexts,” in Durand-Lasserve and Royston, p. 7.
89 Diana Lee-Smith, “Squatter Landlords in Nairobi: A Case Study of Korogocho,” in Amis and Lloyd, pp. 176–85.
90 Jo Beall, Owen Crankshaw, and Susan Parnell, “Local Government, Poverty Reduction and Inequality in Johannesburg,”Environment and Urbanization 12:1 (April 2000), pp. 112–13.