Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania. Timothy A. Block

Water-starwort

       Waterweed

       Waterwort

       Chapter 7. Submergent Rosette-forming Plants

       Mudmat

       Pipewort

       Quillwort

       Water lobelia

       Water-celery, eel-grass

       Chapter 8. Submergent Plants with Finely Divided Leaves

       Bladderwort

       Coontail, hornwort

       Fanwort

       Mermaid-weed

       Water-crowfoot

       Water-marigold

       Water-milfoil

       Glossary

       References and Sources

       Appendix: Taxonomic List of Plants Included

       Index

       Tables and Figures

       Tables

       1.1. Representation of Land Plant Lineages in the Aquatic Flora of Pennsylvania

       1.2. Endangered, Threatened, and Rare Aquatic Plants of Pennsylvania

       1.3. Non-native, Invasive Aquatic Plants in Pennsylvania

       3.1. Comparison of Key Characters of Bur-reed Species

       8.1. Comparison of Vegetative Characteristics of M. sibiricum, M. spicatum, and M. verticillatum

       Appendix Taxonomic List

       Figures

       1.1. Evolutionary relationships of major groups of aquatic plants

       1.2. Pollination in water-celery

       1.3. Lake surface covered with white male flowers of water-celery

       1.4. Aquatic food chain

       1.5. Great Blue Heron

       1.6. Diagram of the littoral zone

       1.7. Zonation in littoral zone vegetation

       1.8. Shed skin of a dragonfly

       1.9. Distribution of lakes in Pennsylvania

       1.10. Succession in a glacial kettle lake

       1.11. A glacial kettle lake

       1.12. Freshwater tidal marsh

       1.13. Tidal riverbank

       1.14. Northeastern bulrush

       1.15. An infestation of European water-chestnut

       1.16. Water surface nearly covered by native fragrant water-lily

       2.1. Stems jointed, tiny scale-like leaves in whorls at the node

       2.2. Leaf expanded at the base, containing spore sac

       2.3. Leaf venation with and without prominent mid-vein

       2.4. Leaf arrangement in waterweeds

       2.5. Vein reticulation

       2.6. Quillwort leaf with spore sac in the base

       2.7. Bladeless leaf sheaths in a spike-rush

       2.8. Leaf form and arrangement

       5.1. Mixed population of water flaxseed, duckweed, and watermeal

       6.1. Pondweed stipules

       6.2. Leaf sections of pondweed showing lacunar band

       6.3. Pondweed stem with glands

       6.4. Pondweed achenes

       8.1. Bladderwort traps

       Preface

       Purpose of the Book

      This book is intended to foster an appreciation for the diversity of native aquatic plants and their role in aquatic ecosystems. We have included information to help readers distinguish major groups of aquatic plants by growth form and habitat relationships. The identification keys, descriptions, and illustrations will assist users in identifying plants to species, a necessary step in assessing the status of a body of water.

      The book also includes information about endangered, threatened, and rare aquatic plants as well as invasive exotic species that have colonized lakes, ponds, and streams. Species descriptions include information on ethnobotanical uses (Moerman 2000) and wildlife value (Martin et al. 1961). Management issues and concerns are also discussed.

       How to Use the Book

      The